Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (JTAP) Proceeding of the 3rd Annual International Conference on Information and Sciences (27-28 December 2023) Volume 18 (2024) Special Issue-AICIS’23 2024 07 27 Proceeding of the 3rd Annual International Conference on Information and Sciences (27-28 December 2023) EN Sabah I. Hamadi Conference Chair, University of Fallujah, Iraq Journal Article 2024 07 27

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (JTAP) Theoretical modeling of holmium-doped fiber lasers pumped by laser-diodes around 1.15 μm Volume 18 (2024) Special Issue-AICIS’23 2024 07 26 Theoretical modeling of holmium-doped fiber lasers pumped by laser-diodes around 1.15 μm 10.57647/j.jtap.2024.si-AICIS23.15 EN Fatma Ayad Raghb Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq 0009-0003-8254-238X Abdulkareem H. Dagher Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq Journal Article 2024 07 26 At theoretical model of three levels describing Holmium-doped fiber lasers (HDFL) pumped by Laser-diodes 1.15 μm is presented. Based on the model, each of the  efficiency, output power depending on fiber core radius, fiber length, and ion concentration of active media were investigated, using the MATLAB program (R 2019 a). The results show that at a doped fiber core radius, 2, 5 & 10 μm pumped with a power range of 10 - 100 W got an output power ranging from 5 to 55 W, respectively, while slope efficiency (η) was 31.3%. Output power was 2.7 – 4 W, η = 50% at a fiber length of 0.01 m, and 81.7 – 83 W, η = 19.6% at a fiber length of 0.5 m. The output power ranged from 107.8 to 109 W & η = 4.7% for 3 m fiber length. The threshold power value of Pth = 0.05 W at fiber core radius 2 μm and Pth = 0.006 W at 3 μm was then gradually slightly increased from 4 to 10 μm. As a result, the output power and efficiency are no longer reliant on the diameter of the fiber core.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (JTAP) Scherrer andWilliamson-Hall estimated particle size using XRD analysis for cast aluminum alloys Volume 18 (2024) Special Issue-AICIS’23 2024 07 26 Scherrer andWilliamson-Hall estimated particle size using XRD analysis for cast aluminum alloys 10.57647/j.jtap.2024.si-AICIS23.17 EN Sukaina Iskandar Yusuf Collage of Education for Pure Science, Physics Department, Tikrit University, Iraq Sabri Jasim Mohammad Collage of Education for Pure Science, Physics Department, Tikrit University, Iraq Mohsin Hasan Ali Collage of Education for Pure Science, Physics Department, Tikrit University, Iraq Journal Article 2024 07 26 Aluminum metal matrix composites find applications in several industries, such as aerospace, military, cars, sports equipment, and electronics. The primary bjective of this experimental study is to obtain insights into the microstructural properties of an Al-Zn alloy that has been strengthened with copper. This investigation involved the preparation of an alloy including aluminum and zinc, which was afterward reinforced with varying quantities (0%, 0.4%, 1.2%, and 2%) of copper. In addition to conducting XRD tests to investigate the crystallite structure, particle size, and microscopic strain of the samples using the Scherrer and Williamson-Hall models, structural examinations were carried out using the EDS test to ascertain the elemental composition proportions. It was observed that the alloy (A-Zn-0.4%Cu) has smaller particle sizes than the other alloys under consideration.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (JTAP) Iodine-131 planar sintigraphy compared to single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging for the detection of thyroid cancer metastases in intermediate-risk and high-risk patients Volume 18 (2024) Special Issue-AICIS’23 2024 07 26 Iodine-131 planar sintigraphy compared to single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging for the detection of thyroid cancer metastases in intermediate-risk and high-risk patients 10.57647/j.jtap.2024.si-AICIS23.12 EN Rasha Kareem Khagoory Department of Nuclear Medicine, Al Amal National Oncology Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq Siham Sabah Abdullah Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq Mohammed Sadoon Al-Shamae Baghdad Center for Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq Zainab Hamid Almilli Department of Nuclear Medicine, Al-Andalus Private, Baghdad, Iraq Journal Article 2024 07 26 Traditional planar iodine-131 whole-body scan (WBS), which is frequently used to find radioiodine-avid metastases in thyroid cancer patients, is regarded as the standard diagnostic method. The constraints of planar iodine-131 whole-body scan in iodine-avid metastases have been addressed using SPECT/CT. The aim of this study was to compare iodine-131 SPECT/CT in the diagnosis of metastasis intermediate- and high-risk with thyroid carcinoma by radioactive iodine as therapy versus planar imaging. In a cross-sectional study, to sixty patients with diagnosed thyroid cancer 43 women and 17 men, ages 11 – 76 years to were examined at both the nuclear medicine sections of the Al-Andalus Private Hospital in Baghdad and the Al-Kawthar Nuclear Medicine Center in Basra. All patients had full or nearly full thyroid surgery. They received dose treatment with radioactive iodine-131 ranging from 3.7 GBq (100 mci) to 7.4 GBq (200 mci), after 5 days following the dosage, they had a planar whole body scan as well as SPECT/CT for the same day. Planar whole body scan and SPECT/CT data had been interpreted very differently for lymph node metastases and distant metastases, identifying sites of iodine uptake in some patients as it was judged equivocal, especially in the neck area, where the frequency of equivocal foci and middle cervical action was classified as a locoregional or thyroid residual illness. SPECT/CT interpreted the foci of iodine uptake sites thought to be equivocal detected on planar imaging. The results of the current study showed that the interpretation of uptake foci on whole-body planar imaging changed when the SPECT/CT results were reviewed, and the treatment plan had changed in 26 (43%) of 60 patients. This change was due to dependence on iodine uptake sites in the foci. The combination of SPECT/CT images had an increased greater than iodine-131 in planar scans in accurately defining central neck activity, and the incidence of radioactive avid metastases to lymphatic nodes (LN) on SPECT/CT was unusually large. SPECT/CT showed significantly more diagnostic data and additional benefit over whole-body planar scan for patients who received an oral therapeutic dose of iodine-131.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (JTAP) Theoretical calculation of the electronic current density in ruthenium 620 contact with TiO2 semiconductor in propanol solvent Volume 18 (2024) Special Issue-AICIS’23 2024 07 26 Theoretical calculation of the electronic current density in ruthenium 620 contact with TiO2 semiconductor in propanol solvent 10.57647/j.jtap.2024.si-AICIS23.18 EN Hadi J. M. Al-Agealy Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science -Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq Hazim Hadi Dhayef Al-Hasan Ministry of Education, General Directorate of Wasit Education, Iraq Raafat Abdul Hassan Muslim Center of Education, Researches-studies, Ministry of Education, Iraq Mohsin A. Hassooni Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science -Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq Journal Article 2024 07 26 In this study, a theoretical model was presented to calculate current and current density to investigate the efficiency of the heterogeneous ruthenium 620-TiO2  device using a propanol solvent. This work examines the effect of concentration carriers on the current density and performance of ruthenium 620-TiO2 devices for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) in the presence of a propanol solvent based on electron transfer theory. Quantum electron transfer theory is used to describe current cross-linked 620-TiO2 ruthenium devices. When the concentration is increased from 1.5×1024 m−3 to 2.5×1024 m−3, the current density and current show a significant shift to an increase of approximately 1.66. The fill factor does not change significantly, but there are efficiency shifts of about 1.004 with increasing concentration carrier taken from the experimental literature from 1.5×1024 m−3 to 2.5×1024 m−3.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (JTAP) Preparation of titanium dioxide NPs and study of optical parameters as a polymer photocatalytic film Volume 18 (2024) Special Issue-AICIS’23 2024 07 26 Preparation of titanium dioxide NPs and study of optical parameters as a polymer photocatalytic film 10.57647/j.jtap.2024.si-AICIS23.11 EN Rasheed Lateef Jawad Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq-Al-Karkh University of Science, Baghdad, Iraq 0009-0006-9628-3827 Raghad Subhi Abbas Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq Journal Article 2024 07 26 In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are combined with a mixture of polymers (polyvinylalcohol PVA, polyethylene-glycol PEG and polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP). Titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs was formulation by sol-gel process, nanocomposites were prepared with concentration (1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt%). TiO2 NPs after subjecting them to a calcination process at a temperature of about 400 ◦C and 700 ◦C and polymer blend of different concentrations (PVA various wt%, PEG constant wt% and PVP constant wt%). A UV-Vis spectrometer was used to determine the optical constants of the prepared-samples. Absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive-index and optical energy-gap were calculated, it was noticing of absorption coefficient values in calcination 400 ◦C for 25 wt% TiO2 NPs higher than that of other samples. The refractive index of TiO2 at 700 ◦C is higher than that of 400 ◦C due to the different crystalline structure of rutile. The optical energy band gap was determined and it was discovered to decrease from 5.16 eV for (1 wt% TiO2) blended with (PVA 84 wt%, PEG 10 wt% and PVP 5 wt%) up to 3.51 eV (25 wt% TiO2) with concentrations of (PVA 60 wt%, PEG 10 wt% and PVP 5 wt%) as matrix. At a higher calcination temperature of 700 ◦C, TiO2 transitions from the anatase phase to the rutile phase, this change in crystal structure has a significant effect on the value optical dielectric constant real part (εr) which is (16.06). The findings have important ramifications for possible uses these nanocomposites to enable reuse of the photocatalysts, thus extending their useful life.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (JTAP) Comparison between plasma distribution in plane and concave cathodes DC discharge systems Volume 18 (2024) Special Issue-AICIS’23 2024 07 26 Comparison between plasma distribution in plane and concave cathodes DC discharge systems 10.57647/j.jtap.2024.si-AICIS23.19 EN Mohammed O. Salman Department of Medical Physics, College of Applied Science, University of Fallujah, Iraq Wasan Abd Al-Rahman Khalaf Ministry of Education, Iraq Barakat O. Ahmed Ministry of Education, Anbar Educational Directorate, Anbar, Iraq Journal Article 2024 07 26 in the realm of design optimization. This study employs the finite element method (FEM) through COMSOLMultiphysics software (Version 4.0) to simulate direct current discharge plasma within argon gas under vacuum (2×10−1 mbar). The primary objective is to compare the plasma distribution characteristics resulting from two distinct cathode configurations: a planar cathode, and a concave cathode. The findings of this investigation demonstrate a noteworthy disparity in the distribution of plasma between the two cathode designs. The substitution of the planar cathode with the concave variant leads to a considerable confinement of the plasma within a more delimited spatial region, specifically at a particular point within the system. Moreover, notable variations are observed in the spatial distribution of critical parameters such as electron temperature, electron density, and positive ions density. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of the space charge is markedly dissimilar in the configuration featuring the concave cathode. It is inferred that the plasma zone experiences a unique spatial arrangement in this scenario, with the plasma being confined predominantly in close proximity to the z-axis, but encompassing a larger circular region at 1.5 cm away from the cathode.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (JTAP) Calculating some electronic and spectroscopic properties of a molecular compound C8H10N2S Volume 18 (2024) Special Issue-AICIS’23 2024 07 25 Calculating some electronic and spectroscopic properties of a molecular compound C8H10N2S 10.57647/j.jtap.2024.si-AICIS23.10 EN Hind H. Abdullah Department of physics, College of Science, University of Anbar, Iraq Adil N. Ayyash Department of physics, College of Science, University of Anbar, Iraq Journal Article 2024 07 25 Some spectroscopic and electronic properties of the bioactive compound were presented using density functional theory (DFT), by depending on Gaussian software and Gauss view 6.0 using the DFT/B3LYP method with 3 - 21G (d, p) basis set. This research concerns the spectroscopic and electronic properties of the 2-ethyl-4-thioamideo pyridine (ETP) compound and UV-Vis and IR are thoroughly studied. The low energy gap between high occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and low unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) led to an increase in charge transfer. It was found that the energy gap was 0.14719 eV, and this is due to the calculated band gap decreasing with the formation of charge transfer, which is because of hydrogen bonding between the Several formations. The HOMO-LUMO the calculation presents the fact of electron density transfer. Therefore, The separation energy between HOMO and LUMO is represented as the kinetic stability and also an indicator of the reactivity of the compound.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (JTAP) Gold-capped Fe3O4 nanoparticles with a magnetic field by damaging their DNA and generating more oxygen radicals, colon cancer cells can be made to die Volume 18 (2024) Special Issue-AICIS’23 2024 07 25 Gold-capped Fe3O4 nanoparticles with a magnetic field by damaging their DNA and generating more oxygen radicals, colon cancer cells can be made to die 10.57647/j.jtap.2024.si-AICIS23.09 EN Waleed K. Abdulkadhim Department of Pathological Analyzes, College of Science, Wasit University, Al Kut, Iraq Ayad B. Sahi Hospital Fairooz, Wasit, Iraq Mahdi A. Mohammed Department of Physics, College of Science, Wasit University, Al Kut, Iraq Journal Article 2024 07 25 Using a hydrothermal technique, the gold (Au)-capped magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) in the current work were created. TEM, SEM and FTIR were used to analyze the characteristics of the Fe3O4-Au MNPs and confirm the accuracy of the synthesized Fe3O4-Au. The size range of (5 – 15) nm was observed for Fe3O4–Au. By using the MTT assay, the impact of Fe3O4-Au on the proliferation of colon cancer (HT-29) cells was evaluated. Additionally, the cytotoxicity effects of Fe3O4-Au on (HT-29) cells were evaluated in both the absence and presence of alternating magnetic field (AMF) and laser photothermal therapy. According to the findings, Fe3O4-Au caused (HT-29) cells’ proliferation to be inhibited, which led to their planned demise. Cytotoxic activity against (HT-29) cells increased when exposed to NIR laser irradiation, however greatly elevated cytotoxic activity was seen after being exposed to induction heating with AMF. With regard to photothermal therapy for cancer cells, the current studies indicate that Fe3O4-Au with NIR laser and AMF may be promising.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (JTAP) Use of pepper plant leaves’ aqueous extract in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and the treatment of some pathogenic microorganisms Volume 18 (2024) Special Issue-AICIS’23 2024 07 25 Use of pepper plant leaves’ aqueous extract in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and the treatment of some pathogenic microorganisms 10.57647/j.jtap.2024.si-AICIS23.08 EN Ban M.A. Alani College of Medicine, University of Fallujah, Iraq Abd-Alrahman Khalid Alani Ministry of Education, Open Educational College, Fallujah Study Center, Iraq-Ministry of Education, Anbar Educational Directorate, Anbar, Iraq Anas Yahya Ali Department of Pathological Analyzes, College of Applied Sciences, University of Fallujah, Iraq Leqaa M. Aziz College of Medicine, University of Fallujah, Iraq Barakat O. Ahmed Ministry of Education, Anbar Educational Directorate, Anbar, Iraq Journal Article 2024 07 25 One of the biological techniques which can be used to create nanoparticles is the green synthesis method. The silver nitrate and the extract of the pepper leaf are employed to create silver nanoparticles. The scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) revealed that there are findings of silver nanoparticles with diameters ranging from (23 nm) to (73 nm). X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that a spectrum was identical to the spectrum of silver nanoparticles. The study of the ultraviolet-visible spectrum verified the existence of silver nanoparticles as well. The location of the silver surface plasmon (426 nm) has been observed carefully. Silver nanoparticles have been used to kill a variety of bacteria due to their high efficacy in doing so. This process indicates that when the aqueous extract of the pepper plant coupled with silver nanoparticles turned out to be very successful and might be utilized as an antibiotic.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (JTAP) Influence of heat treatment on the efficiency ofWO3: Au NPs optoelectronic device prepared by spray pyrolysis technique Volume 18 (2024) Special Issue-AICIS’23 2024 07 25 Influence of heat treatment on the efficiency ofWO3: Au NPs optoelectronic device prepared by spray pyrolysis technique 10.57647/j.jtap.2024.si-AICIS23.07 EN Mohammed Hamid Mustafa Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq 0000-0002-9256-8562 Aliyah A. Shihab Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq 0000-0003-0793-1943 Journal Article 2024 07 25 By using pyrolysis spray technique, tungsten dioxide films doped with gold nanoparticles were successfully deposited on glass and silicon substrates at 320 ◦C. Au-WO3 films were annealed for one hour at 673 (K) and 873 (K). A number of physical characteristics of the prepared and annealed films have been examined using atomic force microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and other techniques. It was discovered that the indirect energy gap in the UV-visible spectrum of as-prepared and annealed thin films decrease after annealing from 2.86 eV to 2.42 eV, and according to the structure properties, the prepared and annealed thin films had an amorphous structure at substrate temperature 320 ◦C, but they had a polycrystalline structure at annealing temperature. The samples’ cubic structures for gold nanoparticles and monoclinic structures for tungsten trioxide were also revealed. The thin layer of all sample can be seen to have a nanostructure thanks to atomic force microscopy. All prepared films, whether doped with gold, or those that have been annealed at 673,873 (K), are shown by Hall effect measurements to have a negative Hall coefficient. This indicates that prepared films are of n-type, and have highest conductivity and mobility of carriers, respectively 10.52×10−5 Ω.cm−1 and 476.45 cm2/V.S, and that the highest efficiency of the WO3: Au/Si (1.804%) was attained when measurements current-volt under illumination.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (JTAP) Structural and mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA composite reinforced by Ag/Au Volume 18 (2024) Special Issue-AICIS’23 2024 07 25 Structural and mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA composite reinforced by Ag/Au /10.57647/j.jtap.2024.si-AICIS23.06 EN Huda Razaq Kttafah Department of Physics, Ministry of Education, Directorate General of Education Rusafa, Baghdad, Iraq Hanaa Shuker Mahmood Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences Ibn AlHaitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq Journal Article 2024 07 25 The sample was created in two stages, the first stage is preparing a solution of chitosan (CS) powder by adding it gradually to acetic acid placed on the electric  magnetic stirrer device with a small magnetic leg in the beaker until we get a homogeneous solution. As for the second stage, preparing a solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) powder by dissolving it with distilled water, and adding it gradually until we get a homogeneous solution. Then the two solutions are mixed with each other and gradually while they remain on the electric magnetic stirrer device. After that, the resulting solution was enriched with gold and silver nanoparticles in different ratios (Au NPs/Ag NPs) using a constant ratio of chitosan solution and polyvinyl alcohol for all samples. The best percentage after conducting the tests was CS/PVA (90:10) blends reinforced with Ag NPs/Au NPs. Nanoparticles of both are (2 mL). Inspection techniques were performed for the resulting structural and mechanical samples using the FTIR, DSC and the tensile test, from which we extracted Young’s modulus and the maximum elongation of the sample. It was found through the tests that the results were better with the addition of silver nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles. The values of the young coefficient increase from 1.54 GPa until it reaches its highest value at 2.05 GPa. The highest value of the Young’s coefficient was for the (50% AuNPs and 50% AgNPs).

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (JTAP) Synthesis of two-phase TiO2 nanoparticles via in-situ one-step process for photocatalytic applications Volume 18 (2024) Special Issue-AICIS’23 2024 07 25 Synthesis of two-phase TiO2 nanoparticles via in-situ one-step process for photocatalytic applications 10.57647/j.jtap.2024.si-AICIS23.02 EN Rasha Jameel Neama Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq Firas K. Mohamad Alosfur Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq Noor J. Ridha Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq Khawla J. Tahir Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq Rajaa A. Madlol Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq Journal Article 2024 07 25 Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by a simple sol-gel technique. The prepared sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The results showed that the prepared TiO2 NPs have agglomerated spherical shapes with anatase and rutile phases, TiO2 consists of Ti 2p and O 1s regions. The average anatase and rutile TiO2 crystallite size were estimated to be 32.38 nm and 37.37 nm, respectively. The BET result showed that TiO2 had a surface area of 33.36 m2 g−1. Doses of different TiO2 nanoparticles (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mg) were used to study the photocatalyst degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV light. The dose of 15 mg was the optimal dose to degrade 68.39% of the dye within two hours.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (JTAP) Application and study of silver nanoparticles as antidiabetic agent and the role of LED (light emitting diode) or laser at the range (395 – 450) nm on the activity of the drugs Volume 18 (2024) Special Issue-AICIS’23 2024 07 22 Application and study of silver nanoparticles as antidiabetic agent and the role of LED (light emitting diode) or laser at the range (395 – 450) nm on the activity of the drugs 10.57647/j.jtap.2024.si-AICIS23.24 EN Ayad Khalaf Alhashimy Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq Abbas Abbd Latif Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq Abeer Qays Abdulwahab Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq Nihad Al-Hashimi School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingstone university, London, UK Journal Article 2024 07 22 Considerable research has been carried out on diabetes mellitus (DM) and many materials have been used to treat the disease. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used in many fields in medicine, and have been utilised in the treatment of DM in vivo successfully. In this paper, AgNPs were synthesized using a green method and used with male albino mice (20 - 40) g. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) and lasers in the range (395 - 450) nm. AgNPs and LEDs or lasers were used in this work to evaluate their effect on diabetes mellitus. It was found that AgNPs at the concentrations 6, 15, and 30 mg/kg reduced blood glucose level (BGL) to normal values. The best concentration that was found to treat DM is 15 mg/kg. However, at concentrations of 15 and 30 mg/kg, several deaths occured, but when laser or LED were used by radiating AgNPs, the deaths decreased to a ratio of fifty percent. The laser and LED in the range of (395 - 450) nm made the drug active and reduced the deaths of animals to a ratio of 50%.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (JTAP) Study of the effect of magnetic fields emitted by magnetic resonance device (MRI) on blood and body temperature Volume 18 (2024) Special Issue-AICIS’23 2024 07 26 Study of the effect of magnetic fields emitted by magnetic resonance device (MRI) on blood and body temperature 10.57647/j.jtap.2024.si-AICIS23.14 EN Ahmed H. Ali Biotechnology and Environmental Center, University of Fallujah, Fallujah, Iraq Asmaa M. Abdulwahed Ibn Al-Nafis Hospital for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Baghdad, Iraq Abdulrahman Kalid Ministry of Education, Anbar Educational Directorate, Anbar, Iraq-Ministry of Education, Open Educational College, Fallujah Study Center, Fallujah, Iraq Ghanim L. Allawi Fallujah Teaching Hospital, Fallujah, Iraq Journal Article 2024 07 26 This work, discusses the effects of an MRI device on human blood, through evaluating exposure of two human groups electromagnetic radiation emitted from MRI devices during the diagnosis of diseases. The work was carried out at the teaching hospital of Fallujah by taking nine samples of blood from people of different ages ranging 10 - 60 - 10 years for both sexes. A complete blood count (CBC) measure of these samples, was undretaken for each of the following platelet count (PLT), red  blood cell (RBC), and white blood cell (WBC). Results show that the MRI device produce no effects on the human blood of PLTs number, nor RBCs and WBCs.  Consequently, we find that use of MRI device is safe on human blood cell counts.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (JTAP) Optical properties of ZnO thin films under impact of alpha particles Volume 18 (2024) Special Issue-AICIS’23 2024 07 26 Optical properties of ZnO thin films under impact of alpha particles 10.57647/j.jtap.2024.si-AICIS23.16 EN Heba Noor Shaheen Department of Physics, College of Science, AL-Muthanna University, Samawah, Iraq 0009-0003-8364-8899 Hassan M. Jaber AL-Taii LDMRC, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Journal Article 2024 07 26 This paper investigates the impact of alpha particle irradiation on the optical characteristics of zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films, which were produced using various concentrations. A zinc oxide thin film was fabricated using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique, and glass was selected as the substrate material. A 5 MeV alpha particle beam was emitted during the irradiation process, created by a 241-Americium source. The optical properties of ZnO films within the wavelength range of 200 to 800 nm was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum exhibits a distinct peak at 490 cm−1,  characteristic of zinc oxide (ZnO). Increasing the duration of alpha particle irradiation leads to a significant increase in intensity while causing only a slight alteration in the peak at 2500 cm−1. Optical measurement revealed a decrease in the direct energy band gaps as the radiation doses increased. This trend was observed for  different durations 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 minutes and across various concentrations 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 M. The energy band gaps ranged from (3.48 -  3.12) eV, (3.02 - 2.61) eV, (3.25 - 2.84) eV, (3.01 - 2.69) eV, (2.65 - 2.32) eV. Similarly, the band gaps diminish as the irradiation doses increase at various durations and concentrations. Additionally, the energy is likewise characterized as indirect. The energy ranges are as follows: (3.74 – 3.52) eV, (3.63 – 3.37) eV, (3.58 – 3.26) eV, (3.49 – 3.25) eV, (3.47 – 3.20) eV, and (3.42 – 3.20) eV. Our research revealed that the most favorable and smallest direct energy gap value ranges from 2.65 to 2.32 eV, while the indirect energy gap value ranges from 3.42 to 3.20 eV. These optimal values were seen at a concentration of 0.5 M, and the ideal irradiation time was determined to be 100 minutes. The energy gap for direct and indirect transitions can be reduced by increasing the concentration of alpha particle irradiation during the growth of ZnO nanotubes using the CBD method. These nanotubes have potential use in nano-photodetectors.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (JTAP) Assessment of the cumulative effects of radioactive elements in selected areas of the soil of Ramadi city in Anbar, western Iraq Volume 18 (2024) Special Issue-AICIS’23 2024 07 26 Assessment of the cumulative effects of radioactive elements in selected areas of the soil of Ramadi city in Anbar, western Iraq 10.57647/j.jtap.2024.si-AICIS23.13 EN Ahmed M. Ahmed Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq Abd Alsatar K. Maroof Ministry of Education, Direction of Education in Al-Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq Sabah S. Farhan Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq Journal Article 2024 07 26 The study site suffers from a dearth of prior radiological and environmental investigations, especially after the city of Ramadi’s neighborhoods were subjected to significant military activities. In the current investigation, 15 specimens that were collected from 5 various sites of Ramadi soil in Anbar, western Iraq, were evaluated utilizing gamma (γ) beams spectrum analyses with high purity solid-state Ge (HPGe) detectors. The authorized levels of 238U, 232Th, and 40K varied from (22.953−33.896), (21.983−32.688), and (137.251−387.980) Bq/kg, successively, with an overall rate of (28.880±2.580, 28.205±2.051 and 285.660±65.133) Bq/kg, successively. Soil potential hazards to human health and the environment were assessed. Both the specific activity level/concentration and total radiological hazards indicators are below US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) limits that have been permitted for the worldwide rate. No obvious indications of radiation hazards to soil exist in the study area. To protect the soil and environment, the study suggests that new Iraqi guidelines be proposed that outline the authorized rates of specific activity level/concentration and total radiological hazard indicators in soil.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (JTAP) Investigate the structural, morphological, and topographical characteristics of CuO thin films utilizing a pulsed laser deposition method Volume 18 (2024) Special Issue-AICIS’23 2024 07 25 Investigate the structural, morphological, and topographical characteristics of CuO thin films utilizing a pulsed laser deposition method 10.57647/j.jtap.2024.si-AICIS23.03 EN Abeer Mohammed Enad Department of Physics, College of Science, University Of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq. 0009-0001-1433-0292 Jamal M. Rzaij Department of Physics, College of Science, University Of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq. 0000-0003-2287-3083 Journal Article 2024 07 25 In this work, copper oxide (CuO) thin films were prepared using the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The effect of laser beam energy and pulse number on the structural, morphological, and topographical characteristics was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate the presence of characteristic peaks for CuO with a crystalline growth orientation at the (111) plane and an increase in crystallite size (D) when the laser power and number of pulses increase. EDX results indicate the presence of distinct energy peaks for the copper and oxygen elements that form CuO, and the weight percentage (wt.%) of Cu increases with increasing laser energy. The atomic force microscope (AFM) results showed the dependence of the roughness on the laser energy used, as the roughness decreased from 31.18 to 20.89 nm when the energy increased from 700 to 820 mJ. It increases with the increase in the number of laser pulses at the same energy (700 mJ). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) confirms the presence of sub-spherical nanoparticles, and increasing laser energy and pulses increases nanoparticle size.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (JTAP) Modified time repetition (TR) values’ impact on the clarity of FLAIR sequence pictures in the white matter of multiple sclerosis MS patients Volume 18 (2024) Special Issue-AICIS’23 2024 07 25 Modified time repetition (TR) values’ impact on the clarity of FLAIR sequence pictures in the white matter of multiple sclerosis MS patients 10.57647/j.jtap.2024.si-AICIS23.01 EN Shahad Fadhil Kadhum Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq 0000-0002-5738-8582 Jenan Hussein Taha Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq 0000-0003-1966-7166 Ahmed Kadhum Mohammed X-Ray Department at Al-Karama Teaching Hospital Journal Article 2024 07 25 Background: The discovery and development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have completely changed how multiple sclerosis (MS) is diagnosed and treated. Image quality has improved as a result of the development of higher Tesla magnets and rapid fluid-attenuated inversion recovery methods. Additionally, new applications have begun to develop, including as three- and four-dimensional methods: functional MRI, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, atrophy measurements, and magnetization transfer ratio imaging. The use of MRI in the context of MS clinical trials has been governed by recently released official guidelines. Additionally, the new McDonald criteria include MRI, allowing for quick diagnosis of MS and timely treatments, and improving patient outcomes. This study  attempts to obtain the best image quality for multiple sclerosis patients, who may be affected by some probable artifacts, by examining the diagnostic quality of time repetition (TR) and physical parameters of FLAIR sequences in MRI image. Patient and Methods: The study’s design is cross-sectional; the MS patients were under 50 years old when they were identified as having the disease by a neurological clinic and sent for MR examinations. In Wasit City’s Alkarama Teaching Hospital, an MRI Philips is being used. FLAIR was the scanning procedure. The TR was scanned twice: once at 6000, and once at 8000. Results: In the setting of MS, the present study’s findings demonstrate a statistically significant difference between the mean Region of Interest (RIO) values of the two FLAIR cohorts (6000 and 8000) of 0.002. According to the study, there was no discernible relevance for the RIO mean in any of the different forms of MS. Although there was no significant difference in Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR) values across the various kinds of multiple sclerosis, there was a significant difference in CNR values between the two FLAIR groups (0.002). Additionally, using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) application version 26, the data were entered, coded, and analyzed. Conclusion: When the Region of Interest option of the MRI equipment software is used to analyze the MRI signal intensity measurements, the FLAIR imaging approach has proven effective in the investigation of MS in the brain.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (JTAP) Simulation of (Na-Ta2O5 ) angular interrogation surface plasmon resonance sensor for toluene (C7H8 ) liquids Volume 18 (2024) Special Issue-AICIS’23 2024 07 25 Simulation of (Na-Ta2O5 ) angular interrogation surface plasmon resonance sensor for toluene (C7H8 ) liquids 10.57647/j.jtap.2024.si-AICIS23.04 EN Farah Jawad Kadhum Mustansiriyah University, College of Science, Physics Department, Baghdad, Iraq 0000-0002-7188-8823 Jasim Shamki Alikan Mustansiriyah University, College of Science, Physics Department, Baghdad, Iraq Sahar A. Mohammed Mustansiriyah University, College of Science, Physics Department, Baghdad, Iraq 0000-0003-3330-6498 Ali Abid Dawood Al-Zuky Mustansiriyah University, College of Science, Physics Department, Baghdad, Iraq 0000-0002-3087-3908 Anwar Hassan Al-Saleh Mustansiriyah University, College of Science, Department of Computer Science, Baghdad, Iraq 0000-0001-9833-7119 Journal Article 2024 07 25 Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a very sensitive technique for keeping track of changes in the optical properties close to the sensor surface. In the Kretschmann configuration, it can be triggered by an evanescent field resulting from total internal reflection from the rear of the sensor surface. The layers were deposited on the semicircular glass prism LASF35 using toluene (C7H8) as a sensing medium. The simulation model was created at a sodium (Na) layer thickness of (dNa) (dNa = 50 nm) layers and at varying thicknesses of tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) (dTa2O5 ).The parameters of the surface plasmon resonance angle (SPR) were computed. SPR occurred strongly and well in the IR area at (800, 900) nm when it was not seen in the ultraviolet region (100 nm) and appeared in the visible region at 500, 600, and 700 nm. The visible region’s highest sensitivity (S = 190) occurred at 700 nm, where the sodium layer thickness (dNa) values of SPR dip length (Ld) and full width half maximum (FWHM) were excellent (50 nm). As a result, the suggested sensor can operate at wavelengths of 500, 600, 700, 800, and 900 nm in the IR-visible range.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (JTAP) The influence of gamma rays on the physical properties of polyvinyl chloride Volume 18 (2024) Special Issue-AICIS’23 2024 07 25 The influence of gamma rays on the physical properties of polyvinyl chloride 10.57647/j.jtap.2024.si-AICIS23.05 EN Maryam Hussein Mohammad Department of Physics, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq Asrar Abdulmunem Saeed Department of Physics, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq 0000-0003-4677-7598 Journal Article 2024 07 25 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is the most widely product used in a range of industrial and commercial applications due to its high chemical resistance, properties, and low cost. Thin films of polyvinyl chloride were produced using a casting process. Cobalt (60Co) source and radiation doses of (1, 5, 10, 15, and 20) kGy were used for gamma irradiation. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, the PVC films had an amorphous structure. Before irradiation, the surface PVC did not have a porous structure, but after irradiation, porous PVC formed, according to field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) photographs. The polymer chains exposed to gamma radiation showed no structural alterations according to the Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer FTIR measurements. The effect of radiation on optical characteristics was determined using the UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The results demonstrate that the absorption spectrum increases, and transmission decreases with the increase in the dose of irradiation and indicated that indirect transition was allowed and the energy gap of PVC films decreased when irradiated with a radiation dose from (4.95 eV – 4.48 eV). The purpose of gamma irradiation is to improve the specifications and properties of the polymer for use in other application areas.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (JTAP) Modifying ZnO nanopowders with ZrO2 prepared by atmospheric pressure plasma jet synthesis and continuous laser diode treatment Volume 18 (2024) Special Issue-AICIS’23 2024 07 25 Modifying ZnO nanopowders with ZrO2 prepared by atmospheric pressure plasma jet synthesis and continuous laser diode treatment 10.57647/j.jtap.2024.si-AICIS23.20 EN Ahmed Abed Anber Department of Renewable Energy Science, College of Energy and Environment Science, AL-Karkh University of Science, Baghdad, Iraq 0009-0009-1475-4851 Ammar S. Hameed Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq Mohammed Oudah Salman Department of Medical Physics, College of Applied Science, University of Fallujah, Iraq Journal Article 2024 07 25 In this work, zinc oxide nanopowders (ZnO-NPs) were synthesized by atmospheric pressure plasma jet and continuous laser diode (CLD) techniques. ZrO2 powder were made up with the ZnO nanopowders to study its effect on ZnO properties. The study initiated with the utilization of the atmospheric pressure plasma jet technique recognized for its capability to generate nanoparticles using cold plasma, ensuring high purity and controlled growth. Following this, CLD techniques were employed to fine-tune the structural attributes of the ZnO-ZrO2 nanocomposite. The average particle size and morphology were examined by FE-SEM, and the crystallinity was estimated by XRD analysis and the spectroscopic properties of the powder were measured by using FTIR spectroscopy. XRD studies confirm that zinc oxide has a high degree of crystallinity. The particle size of ZnO was found to be about 18 nm. The purpose of this study involved the investigation of ZnO nanoparticle characteristics. The outcome considered a new synthesis of ZnO nanopowders that may be employed in many scientific applications using continuous laser diode to increase the oxidization. This is represented as a novel method and also a simple and cost effective one.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (JTAP) A theoretical calculation of the efficiency of indoline dyes-sensitized contact with ZnO in solar cell Volume 18 (2024) Special Issue-AICIS’23 2024 07 25 A theoretical calculation of the efficiency of indoline dyes-sensitized contact with ZnO in solar cell 10.57647/j.jtap.2024.si-AICIS23.21 EN Firas Adel Shnain College of Education for Pure Science Ibn-ALHaitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq Hadi J. M. Al-Agealy Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science -Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq Journal Article 2024 07 25 In this research, the efficiency of the D102-ZnO heterojunction device was evaluated using a quantum model based on electronic transport theory. The electron will move from the excited state D102 indoline-sensitive dye to the wide band gap ZnO. Given the current understanding of the working mechanism of DSSCs, the energy levels of the D102-ZnO heterojunction device must be continuously surrounded by an acetonitrile solvent electrode. The current-voltage (JV) characteristics of D102-ZnO are calculated at T = 300 k and 100 mW/cm2 irradiation. The fill factor increases from 0.230 to 0.246 and the efficiency increases from 4.914 to 9.589 for the D102-ZnO device to increase the concentration from 1.65×1023 1/m3 to 4.65×1023 1/m3.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (JTAP) Green reduction of graphene oxide using Rumex vesicarius extracts and study of antibacterial activity Volume 18 (2024) Special Issue-AICIS’23 2024 07 25 Green reduction of graphene oxide using Rumex vesicarius extracts and study of antibacterial activity 10.57647/j.jtap.2024.si-AICIS23.22 EN Abdullah Kassar Raja Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq Ghassan Adnan Naeem Department of Medical Physics, College of Applied Science-Hit University of Anbar Hit, Anbar, Iraq Journal Article 2024 07 25 The study examines the in vitro biological responses to reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and looks at how rGO can be synthesized from Rumex vesicarius leaf extract, a more environmentally friendly approach. A range of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques thoroughly describe the environmentally produced rGO. From the XRD spectral data, a clear 2θ increase to 24.25° can be seen, confirming the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) into rGO. Furthermore, FTIR spectra indicate that deoxygenation of GO is indeed successful. Using FESEM, it can be explained how rGO is created through a morphological change in GO, and EDX analysis reveals that there has been an initial decrease from 38% to only 18%. Allowing the biotinylated rGO nanosheets to successfully synthesize Rumex vesicarius, a green reducing agent (i.e., one that acts as an antioxidant), takes advantage of all bioactive compounds in its leaf extract, exerting their individual effects upon it. This bio-reduced rGO also has remarkable antibacterial properties. In particular, it is effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This research is directed to the dire urgency for novel, efficient biomaterials in light of highly infectious pathogenic bacterial strains resistant to traditional antibiotics. They note that cells of bio-reduced rGO have the potential as a medical agent to combat antibiotic resistance, stressing the importance of bio-reduction in current time when there is mounting concern about antimicrobial resistance.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics (JTAP) Nanocomposites electrolytes based conductive polymer for electrochemical application Volume 18 (2024) Special Issue-AICIS’23 2024 07 25 Nanocomposites electrolytes based conductive polymer for electrochemical application 10.57647/j.jtap.2024.si-AICIS23.23 EN Fatima Mikdad Ahmed Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq 0009-0008-2569-077X Mohammed Kadhim Jawad Department of Physics, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq 0000-0002-5160-1645 Journal Article 2024 07 25 Gels of PVA/PVP polymer electrolytes filled with gradient contents of SiO2, MWCNT, and Polythiophene (PTh) were fabricated using a solution casting technique. The electrical conductivity was calculated with an impedance analyzer within the frequency range 50 Hz – 1 MHz at a temperature range 293 – 343 K and has the highest ionic conductivity with 1.5 wt.% of PTh for system E3 (PVA-PVP-KI-MWCNTs-PTh). The real dielectric constant was higher at lower frequencies. Differential scanning calorimatric thermo grams showed a single glass transition temperature, which confirms the miscibility of PVA and PVP together with the nanoparticles and conductive polymer. The highest conducting electrolytes were utilized in the fabrication and characterization of the dye-sensitized solar cell(DSSC). These DSSCs demonstrated an excellent response to a light intensity of 792 mW.cm−2. The DSSCs with 1.5% weight percentage PTh had the best photovoltaic characteristics, with a total conversion efficiency of 3.982%, Voc of 0.74 V, Jsc of 11.9 mA/cm, and FF of 0.453.