Iranian Journal of Catalysis (IJC)Synthesis of 4,4´-(Arylmethylene)bis(1H-pyrazol-5-ols) catalyzed by nanosilica supported perchloric acid in waterVolume 4 (2014)Issue 2, June 201420240203Synthesis of 4,4´-(Arylmethylene)bis(1H-pyrazol-5-ols) catalyzed by nanosilica supported perchloric acid in waterENBaharehSadeghiDepartment of Chemistry, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranMaryamGhorbani RadDepartment of Chemistry, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 89195-155, Yazd, Iran.Journal Article20240203Reaction between aromatic aldehydes and 3–methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazoline-5-one catalyzed by nano-SiO2/HClO4 in water under reflux provided a simple and efficient route for the synthesis of 4-((5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)(aryl)methyl)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol derivatives in high yields.Iranian Journal of Catalysis (IJC)Ionic liquids as efficient catalysts for synthesis of phosphorylated dialkyl succinates containing phthalazin-1-one moietiesVolume 4 (2014)Issue 2, June 201420240203Ionic liquids as efficient catalysts for synthesis of phosphorylated dialkyl succinates containing phthalazin-1-one moietiesENZibaTavakoliDepartment of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Ponak Tehran, Iran.ElnazGhasemiDepartment of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Ponak Tehran, Iran.IssaYavariDepartment of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20240203Ionic liquids such as 1,3-dialkylimidazolium salts make excellent catalysts and solvents for synthesis of dialkyl 2-(dialkoxyphosphoryl)-3-(1-oxo-1-H-phthalazin-2-yl)succinates from 2H-phthalazin-1-one, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, and trialkyl phosphites. Under similar conditions, triphenyl phosphite led to dialkyl 2-(diphenoxyphosphoryl)-3-(1-oxo-1-H-phthalazin-2-yl)succinates. The ionic liquid was readily recycled and can be reused four times without significant loss of activity or mass.Iranian Journal of Catalysis (IJC)Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Formaldehyde: Role of Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Reactions in Origin of Life HypothesisVolume 4 (2014)Issue 2, June 201420240203Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Formaldehyde: Role of Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Reactions in Origin of Life HypothesisENMohammadKhodadadi-MoghaddamDepartment of Science Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, P. O. Box 5615731567 Ardabil, Iran.Journal Article20240203Photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to formaldehyde was investigated on four semiconductor photocatalysts (FeS, FeS/FeS2, NiO and TiO2). The reaction was carried out in continues flow of CO2 gas bubbled into the reactor. Semiconductor photocatalysts were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopic (DRS) methods. Sulfide ion was used as hole scavenger. The results show that the TiO2 has greater photocatalytic activity compared to the other photocatalysts, for example, maximum formaldehyde concentration were 720 and 380 ppm on TiO2 and NiO, respectively. Addition of carbonate ion causes an increase (around two times) in the concentration of formaldehyde. The yield of the formaldehyde decreased with decreasing concentration of the sulfide ion and the pH of the reaction mixture (from 700 ppm to 500 ppm). This investigation demonstrates that under ultraviolet radiation, carbon dioxide can be reduced to formaldehyde on semiconductor photocatalysts. This reaction could have been a possible chemical route to photosynthesis on the early Earth.Iranian Journal of Catalysis (IJC)Eggshell: A green and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of pyrano[3,2-c]quinolineVolume 4 (2014)Issue 2, June 201420240203Eggshell: A green and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of pyrano[3,2-c]quinolineENLeilaYouseftabar-MiriDepartment of Chemistry, Izeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Izeh, IranFatemehAkbariDepartment of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahwaz, Iran.FarshidGhraghsaharDepartment of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahwaz, Iran.Journal Article20240203Eggshell was found to be a versatile heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline derivatives in good yields. This protocol has the advantages of environmental friendliness, short reaction time, low cost and convenient operation.Iranian Journal of Catalysis (IJC)Eco-Friendly and One-Pot Synthesis of 1,8-Dioxooctahydroxanthene Derivatives Catalyzed by Task-Specific Brønsted Acidic Ionic LiquidVolume 4 (2014)Issue 2, June 201420240203Eco-Friendly and One-Pot Synthesis of 1,8-Dioxooctahydroxanthene Derivatives Catalyzed by Task-Specific Brønsted Acidic Ionic LiquidENHosseinNaeimiDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, 87317-51167, I.R. Iran.ZahraSadat NazifiDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, 87317-51167, I.R. Iran.Journal Article20240203Efficient and one-pot synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes was described by Knoevenagel condensation, Michael addition and cyclodehydration of dimedone. This reaction was carried out through condensation of dimedone and various aromatic aldehydes in the presence of task-specific Brønsted acidic ionic liquid under solvent free conditions. The catalyst could be recycled five times without significant loss of its catalytic activity.Iranian Journal of Catalysis (IJC)L-proline: An efficient catalyst for the synthesis of quinoline derivatives in aqueous mediaVolume 4 (2014)Issue 2, June 201420240203L-proline: An efficient catalyst for the synthesis of quinoline derivatives in aqueous mediaENElhamDavoodiChemistry Department, Izeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Izeh, Iran.LeilaYouseftabar-MiriDepartment of Chemistry, Izeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Izeh, IranHamidehHosseinjani-PirdehiChemistry Department, University of Guilan, 41335-1914, Rasht, Iran.Journal Article20240203An efficient and direct procedure for the synthesis of benzo[h]-indeno[1,2-b]-quinoline derivatives has been described. The procedure employs a three-component condensation reaction in one-pot using 2H-indene-1, 3-dione, naphthalen-1-amine,and aldehydes in the presence of catalytic amount of L-prolinein aqueous media.Iranian Journal of Catalysis (IJC)Ammonium monovanadate: a versatile and reusable catalyst for Friedel-Crafts alkylation and Michael addition of indolesVolume 4 (2014)Issue 2, June 201420240203Ammonium monovanadate: a versatile and reusable catalyst for Friedel-Crafts alkylation and Michael addition of indolesENKobraNikoofarDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics & Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240203Ammonium monovanadate (NH4VO3) has been devoted as an efficient, commercially available, eco-friendly and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs), oxindole derivatives and also Michael adducts of indoles at 50 °C under solvent-free conditions. The reusability of this solid acid catalyst in addition with its selectivity has also been examined.Iranian Journal of Catalysis (IJC)Cellulose sulfuric acid catalyzed multicomponent reaction for efficient synthesis of pyrimido and pyrazolo[4,5-b]quinolines under solvent-free conditionsVolume 4 (2014)Issue 2, June 201420240203Cellulose sulfuric acid catalyzed multicomponent reaction for efficient synthesis of pyrimido and pyrazolo[4,5-b]quinolines under solvent-free conditionsENSeyyedehCobra AzimiYoung Researchers and Elites Club, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.Journal Article20240203Cellulose sulfuric acid was used as an efficient biopolymer-based catalyst for the synthesis of tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-2,4,6-triones and hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[5,4-b]quinoline-6-ones via three component reaction of aldehyde, 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadione and 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil or 5-amino-3-methyl-1-phenypyrazole under solvent-free conditions at 90 oC. The major advantages of the present method are simple experimentation, use of inexpensive and eco-friendly reusable catalyst with good yields and short reaction times.Iranian Journal of Catalysis (IJC)Spotlights: Application of rice husk and rice husk ash in organic reactionsVolume 4 (2014)Issue 2, June 201420240203Spotlights: Application of rice husk and rice husk ash in organic reactionsENMohadesehSeddighiDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, zip code 41335, Iran.Journal Article20240203Mohaddeseh Seddighi was born in Rasht, Guilan, I. R. Iran (1985). She received B.Sc. in applied chemistry from Isfahan University of Technology (IUT) (2007) and his M.Sc. in organic chemistry from Isfahan University of Technology (2010) under the direction of Professor Abdol. R. Hajipour. She began her Ph.D. studies at University of Guilan under supervision of Professor Farhad Shirini from 2011. Her current researches focus on the development of new catalysts and synthetic methodologies.