Iranian Journal of Catalysis (IJC)Recent updates in the one-pot multicomponent synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted-isoxazole-5(4H)-ones and its activity: A reviewVolume 14 (2024)Issue 3, September 2024 (In Progress)20240909Recent updates in the one-pot multicomponent synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted-isoxazole-5(4H)-ones and its activity: A review10.57647/j.ijc.2024.1403.21ENAvinashD. AherDepartment of Applied Science and Humanities, School of Engineering and Sciences, MIT ADT University Pune, Maharashtra, India
Department of Chemistry MVP Samaj’s KRT Arts, BH Commerce and AM Science (KTHM) College, Nashik, Maharashtra, India0000-0003-3742-0861DhirajKutheDepartment of Applied Science and Humanities, School of Engineering and Sciences, MIT ADT University Pune, Maharashtra, India0009-0004-0680-5173DnyaneshwarGhodechorDepartment of Applied Science and Humanities, School of Engineering and Sciences, MIT ADT University Pune, Maharashtra, India0009-0008-9468-2618ManoharK. JopaleDepartment of Chemistry, M.V.P. Samaj’s Arts, Commerce & Science College, Jawahar Road, Tryambakeshwar, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
Department of Chemistry MVP Samaj’s KRT Arts, BH Commerce and AM Science (KTHM) College, Nashik, Maharashtra, India0000-0001-5737-8537DnyaneshwarD. LokhandeDepartment of Chemistry MVP Samaj’s KRT Arts, BH Commerce and AM Science (KTHM) College, Nashik, Maharashtra, India0000-0002-8178-3718AmolH. KategaonkarDepartment of Chemistry MVP Samaj’s KRT Arts, BH Commerce and AM Science (KTHM) College, Nashik, Maharashtra, India0000-0002-4810-5894Journal Article20240909Isoxazole-5-(4H)-one derivatives have garnered considerable attention owing to their wide range of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, and antitumor properties. The multicomponent synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted-isoxazole-5-(4H)-ones has attracted significant interest in recent years due to its effectiveness and capability to produce various molecular libraries. This review presents a thorough summary of the recent advancements in the synthetic methodologies utilized for the synthesis of these heterocyclic compounds. Emphasis is placed on the various catalytic systems, reaction conditions, reaction medium, and substrate scopes that have been explored to optimize yields and selectivity. Additionally, the review discusses the biological activities associated with 3,4-disubstituted-isoxazole-5-(4H)-ones, highlighting their potential as therapeutic agents. The integration of green chemistry principles and sustainable methodologies in these synthetic processes is also examined, reflecting the ongoing efforts to develop environmentally benign chemical processes. Through a critical analysis of recent literature, this review aims to provide a valuable resource for researchers in the field of heterocyclic chemistry and drug discovery, fostering further innovation and application of these versatile compounds.
Research Highlights
Isoxazole-5-(4H)-one derivatives have garnered considerable attention owing to their wide range of pharmacological activities.
The multicomponent synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted-isoxazole-5-(4H)-ones has attracted significant interest in recent years due to its effectiveness and capability to produce various molecular libraries.
This review presents a thorough summary of the recent advancements in the synthetic methodologies utilized for the synthesis of these heterocyclic compounds.
Additionally, the review discusses the biological activities associated with 3,4-disubstituted-isoxazole-5-(4H)-ones, highlighting their potential as therapeutic agents.
Through a critical analysis of recent literature, this review aims to provide a valuable resource for researchers in the field of heterocyclic chemistry and drug discovery, fostering further innovation and application of these versatile compounds.
Iranian Journal of Catalysis (IJC)Silica extracted from ragihusk as heterogeneous catalyst for synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oilVolume 14 (2024)Issue 3, September 2024 (In Progress)20240905Silica extracted from ragihusk as heterogeneous catalyst for synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil10.57647/j.ijc.2024.1403.23ENSravanthiVeluturlaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India0000-0001-9773-7591AkanshaMuniswamy SagarDepartment of Chemical Engineering, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India0009-0009-2728-0018VijayKumar VenkateshDepartment of Chemical Engineering, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India0009-0009-8814-8424AkshayGangegowdaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India0009-0003-3018-8438AfnanShariffDepartment of Chemical Engineering, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India0009-0009-8201-5532Journal Article20240905Each year an estimated 1.3 billion tons of agricultural waste are produced worldwide, with staple crop residue forming a large bulk of the generated waste. This crop residue from cereal crops like Ragi husk is generally discarded despite being a rich silica source and is a widely used compound with an ever-increasing demand. In the present project, the process of extracting silica from agricultural waste has been studied, and the optimal conditions for the extraction of silica were reported. The extracted silica was used as a catalytic support for KOH and employed for the synthesis of biodiesel. The structural, morphological, and elemental characterizations of the silica sample were done using X-ray diffraction (XRD), DTA-TGA analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) And Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy Analysis (EDS/EDX). The XRD study showed the presence of amorphous silica in the Ragi husk sample. The DTA curve for the Ragi husk silica sample indicated two distinct stages: all organic matter was decomposed in the first stage. The characteristic bands resulted from FTIR analysis were indicative of the presence of pure silica. SEM and EDS analysis also indicated the presence of high-purity silica. The physio-chemical characteristics of the catalyst were studied using XRD, TGA, and FTIR. The transesterification of reactants (waste cooking oil and methanol) was performed using a KOH-impregnated heterogeneous catalyst at reaction conditions with mole ratio 6:1, catalyst loading 3 w/w%, temperature 65 ◦C resulted in 83% yield of biodiesel. The present work proposes an economical pathway to valorize agricultural solid waste effectively.
Research Highlights
Extraction of silica from Ragi husk through simple process.
Impregnation of silica with potassium hydroxide.
Characterisation of the synthesized catalyst.
Synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using synthesized catalyst.
It provides a sustainable path for the synthesis of biodiesel.
Iranian Journal of Catalysis (IJC)Vitamin C as an efficient and green homogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of pyride[2,3-d:5,6-d′] dipyrimidine derivativesVolume 14 (2024)Issue 3, September 2024 (In Progress)20240904Vitamin C as an efficient and green homogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of pyride[2,3-d:5,6-d′] dipyrimidine derivatives10.57647/j.ijc.2024.1403.24ENMortezaYaghoobiDepartment of Chemistry, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran0000-0001-8991-4498AmirKarimipour-saryazdiDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-6028-8638MohammadAli GhasemzadehDepartment of Chemistry, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran0000-0002-8309-6727Journal Article20240904In organic chemistry, one of the most important materials are heterocycle compounds. Among different heterocyclic compounds, the N-containing heterocyclic materials are very important owing to their numerous properties, which can be applied in different fields. In this work, we synthesized pyrido[2,3-d:5,6-d′] dipyrimidine derivatives over an efficient and green method. For this aim, we used vitamin C as a bio-based, green, and environmentally friendly catalyst for the synthesis of synthesis pyrido[2,3-d:5,6-d′] dipyrimidine derivatives through solvent-free conditions. The key advantages of our procedure are operational easiness, mild reaction conditions, high yields, and short reaction time, as well as green and eco-friendly catalysts.
Research Highlights
The first report for the synthesis of pyridopyrimidine derivatives by vitamin C.
Pyridopyrimidines have significant properties including anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer.
The main advantages of the presented method are mild reaction conditions, high yields, and short reaction time.
The products were characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopies.
Vitamin C is introduces as a bio-based, green, and environmentally friendly catalyst.
Iranian Journal of Catalysis (IJC)Efficient photocatalytic esterification of waste cooking oil over empty fruit bunches ash-supported TiO2Volume 14 (2024)Issue 3, September 2024 (In Progress)20240904Efficient photocatalytic esterification of waste cooking oil over empty fruit bunches ash-supported TiO210.57647/j.ijc.2024.1403.25ENSitiFadhilah IbrahimFaculty of Applied Sciences, University Technology MARA Pahang, Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia0009-0004-3941-8583NorshahidatulAkmar Mohd ShohaimiFaculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia
Advanced Biomaterials and Carbon Development Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Technology MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia0000-0002-1626-8277ZulAdlan Mohd HirFaculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia0000-0001-5347-0186MohdSufri MastuliSchool of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Technology MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia0000-0002-0409-8987TaufiqYap Yun HinCatalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCAT); Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia0000-0002-3994-6720MohdLokman IbrahimSchool of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Technology MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia0000-0003-3096-2991Journal Article20240904Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO) holds promise as a renewable and sustainable energy source. However, high levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) in WCO require efficient pretreatment before transesterification. Utilizing solar energy for heterogeneous catalytic reactions offers an alternative to thermal-driven processes. TiO2EFBA, synthesized via the wet impregnation method, exhibits distinctive physicochemical properties confirming the successful incorporation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) onto the metal oxides of empty fruit bunches ash (EFBA), thereby enhancing the catalyst’s performance and stability. Results showed that TiO2EFBA exhibits superior FFA conversion compared to TiO2 alone. Under optimized reaction conditions, employing 4 wt% TiO2EFBA catalyst, 20:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, and 2 h reaction time at room temperature under Ultra Violet (UV) light, achieves a remarkable 78% conversion rate of FFAs in WCO. Mechanistic investigation reveals the crucial role of electron/hole (e−/h+) species in reducing FFAs by suppressing the e−/h+ mechanism. Notably, TiO2EFBA facilitates easy separation and can be reused for 10 cycles, demonstrating its stability as a heterogeneous photocatalyst.
Research Hightlights
Successful reduction of high free fatty acid (FFAs) content of waste cooking oil (WCO) from 12.4 wt% to 2.7 wt% using semiconductor photocatalyst (TiO2EFBA) achieved up to 78% conversion.
TiO2EFBA is highly active heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalyst in esterification of WCO under 365 nm UV light.
TiO2 doped EFBA reduce the bandgap energy of TiO2 and increase the performance of photocatalyst.
EFBA can serve as trapping agent by capture the electron-holes pair from recombination and enhanced the charge carrier separation.
TiO2EFBA can reused up to 10 times without reduction of catalytic performance.
Iranian Journal of Catalysis (IJC)Synthesis and Application of New Co/Cu/Ni/Zn (II) Schiff base Complexes in the Biological Activity and Oxidation of AlcoholsVolume 14 (2024)Issue 3, September 2024 (In Progress)20240906Synthesis and Application of New Co/Cu/Ni/Zn (II) Schiff base Complexes in the Biological Activity and Oxidation of Alcohols10.57647/j.ijc.2024.1403.26ENTeebaKhalid AdnanDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Diyala, Diyala Governorate, Iraq0009-0007-9616-2846KhansaYousif AhmedDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Diyala, Diyala Governorate, IraqAreejAli JarullahDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Diyala, Diyala Governorate, IraqJournal Article20240906In this research article, the Schiff base ligand 3-((2-amino-4-nitrophenyl) imino) indolin-2-one (Ln) was synthesized through the reaction between indoline 2, 3-dione and 4-nitrobenzene-1, 2-diamine. The synthesized ligand was then characterized using various analytical techniques, including 1HNMR, UV-Vis, FT-IR, and element analysis C.H.N. The presence of nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) atoms in the ligand structure makes it suitable for coordination chemistry. Furthermore, the ligand was employed for the synthesis of metal ion complexes by reacting it with transition metal salts such as CoCl2.6H2O, NiCl2.6H2O, CuCl2.2H2O, and anhydrous ZnCl2. These metal (II) complexes were subsequently utilized for the oxidation of alcohols in toluene under thermal conditions. To further investigate the properties of the newly prepared complexes [M(Lnn)2]Cl2, various characterization techniques, including FTIR, UV-Vis, magnetic susceptibility, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and molar conductance were employed. Moreover, this study aimed to
evaluate the impact of the synthesized ligand and its complexes on the Mitotic Index in human lymphocyte cells. A concentration of 100 μg/mL was utilized, and the exposure time was set at 15 minutes. The results indicated that the ligand had a greater effect on the rate of lymphocyte cell division compared to the complexes. This suggests that the ligand exhibited a stronger resemblance to colchicine in terms of inhibiting lymphocyte division during the equatorial phase.
Research Highlights
In this research a new ligand Schiff base was synthesized.
The prepared ligand was three dendate coordinator ligand.
Ni, Cu, Co, and Zn (II) was coordinated to double ligand to prepare metal (II) complexes.
The prepared complexes were applied in the oxidation of alcohols.
The influence of prepared complexes was evaluated on mitotic index in lymphocytes of humans.
The prepared catalysts were characterized by FT-IR, atomic absorption, elemental analysis, UV-vis, and molar conductance.
Iranian Journal of Catalysis (IJC)2,2’-Bipyridine: An efficient organo-catalyst for the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine and pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivativesVolume 14 (2024)Issue 3, September 2024 (In Progress)202408302,2’-Bipyridine: An efficient organo-catalyst for the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine and pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives10.57647/j.ijc.2024.1403.27ENMandanaMomenpour SurchaniDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranFarhadShiriniDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran0000-0002-7204-5000HassanTajikDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranOmidGoli JolodarDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranJournal Article20240830In this work, a highly efficient technique has been documented for the one-pot synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine and pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives. This method employs 2,2’-bipyridine as a cost-effective and proficient organo-catalyst. All reactions take place within reasonable reaction periods, yielding favorable to excellent results. The reusability of the catalyst is also investigated during the reactions. Moreover, a rational mechanism was suggested via GC-Mass analysis of the trapped intermediates.
Research Highlights
2,2′-bipyridine as an excellent basic catalyst for the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines and pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines in the aqua media.
Simple procedure, short reaction times, and high yields.
No column chromatographic separation, commercial availability and recyclability of the catalyst.
Use of GC-Mass analysis for the confirmation of the proposed mechanism.
Iranian Journal of Catalysis (IJC)Magnetite-supported salicylic acid (Fe3O4@SA) as a magnetically separable and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of 3, 4 dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones and benzylidenemalononitrile derivatives under solvent-free conditionsVolume 14 (2024)Issue 3, September 2024 (In Progress)20240830Magnetite-supported salicylic acid (Fe3O4@SA) as a magnetically separable and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of 3, 4 dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones and benzylidenemalononitrile derivatives under solvent-free conditions10.57647/j.ijc.2024.1403.28ENDhananjayN. GaikwadDepartment of Chemistry, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara, Maharashtra, IndiaSureshT. GaikwadDepartment of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India0000-0002-3212-4185RajeshK. ManjulDepartment of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India0000-0003-4514-5898DayanandM. SuryavanshiP. G. and Research Department Of Chemistry, S. S. G. M., College, Kopargaon, Dist. A. Nagar, Maharashtra, India0000-0003-3602-9086AnjaliS. RajbhojDepartment of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, IndiaSwapnilR. BankarDepartmen of Chemistry, Sharadchandra Pawar Mahavidyalay, Lonand, Dist. Satara, Maharashtra, India0000-0001-5382-4458SantoshT. ShindeP. G. department Of Chemistry, Annasaheb Awate College, Manchar, Dist. Pune, Maharashtra, India0000-0001-5542-1732NilamS. DhaneDepartment of Chemistry, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara, Maharashtra, India0000-0001-9977-3449Journal Article20240830The use of the new Fe3O4@Salicylic acid nanocatalyst (Fe3O4@SA) is described in the synthesis of 3, 4 dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones and benzylidenemalononitrile in a solvent-free (SF) environment at 80◦C as a simple, effective, and environmentally friendly procedure. In the present protocol, we have created new, simple chemical co-precipitation method for the synthesis of efficient and magnetically recoverable Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with a layer of salicylic acid. The synthesized catalyst underwent thorough characterization successfully by Infrared spectroscopy, Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron
microscopy (FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and FESEM-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) respectively. This eco-friendly and green synthesis methodology has advantages, such as the absence of hazardous organic solvents, magnetic in nature, salicylic acid coated ferrite nanocatalysts are easily separable and reusable, quick reaction time and large product yield(71-98%), making this protocol superior and robust.
Research Highlights
Fe3O4@SA serves as an efficient catalyst for synthesizing dihydropyrimidinones and benzylidenemalononitriles.
The catalyst can be easily separated magnetically, facilitating reuse.
Demonstrates high reusability without significant loss of activity.
Reactions conducted under environmentally friendly solvent-free conditions.
Effective for various derivatives, showcasing versatility.Iranian Journal of Catalysis (IJC)Eco-friendly synthesis of Fe3O4 and its surface fabrication: Application in dye removal-A comparative studiesVolume 14 (2024)Issue 3, September 2024 (In Progress)20240905Eco-friendly synthesis of Fe3O4 and its surface fabrication: Application in dye removal-A comparative studies10.57647/j.ijc.2024.1403.29ENRajuShekhanavarDepartment of Chemistry, Rani Channamma University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India0009-0001-4747-7119SantoshKhataviDepartment of Chemistry, Rani Channamma University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India0000-0003-2324-6508KantharajuKamannaDepartment of Chemistry, Rani Channamma University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India0000-0002-4696-5401Journal Article20240905The present work describes comparative studies of Methylene blue, Methyl orange, and Calconcarboxylic acid (MB, MO, and CCA) dyes adsorption in the presence of sunlight using novel sulfonic acid-carbon fabricated iron oxide. The preparation and characterization of the catalysts performed FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX, VSM, & TG-DTA and reported in the previous paperwork. In this paper, the photocatalytic properties of the prepared catalyst and its intermediate materials were evaluated in the presence of sunlight to remove the dye MO, MB, and CCA. The comparative studies revealed that, the functionalized catalysts (Fe3O4@C-SO3H) excelled better photocatalysis (optimized quantity 30 mg) performance in the sunlight and MWI. The adsorption reaction was monitored by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer with λmax of 664 nm for MB, 590 nm for MO, and 550 nm for CCA. The dye removal in the solution was observed at 95.98% for MB, 82.55% for MO, and 83.7% for CCA in the presence of sunlight. It’s worth to mention that, the novel photocatalyst core iron oxide prepared by agro-waste extract under dual function concept, where extracted medium used for the preparation of the core shell Fe3O4, and its biochar residue employed for the carbonization. Hence, the method developed more on green chemistry protocol, and the inexpensive catalyst used for dye adsorption phenomenon dominates than the dye degradation.
Research Highlights
Novel synthetic route developed for iron oxide and its functionalized carbon-sulfonic acid preparation.
The catalysts showed very good adsorption properties for dye colour removal of MB, MO and CCA in sunlight.
The catalysts may be used for the decolourization of waste water.
Iranian Journal of Catalysis (IJC)One-pot synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives using a new DABCO-based ionic liquid catalystVolume 14 (2024)Issue 3, September 2024 (In Progress)20240914One-pot synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives using a new DABCO-based ionic liquid catalyst10.57647/j.ijc.2024.1403.31ENSanazSahrapeymaDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranFarhadShiriniDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran0000-0002-7204-5000ManouchehrMamaghaniDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran0000-0002-2054-8685Journal Article20240914In this research, an efficient one-pot synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives has been described using a new DABCO-based ionic liquid catalyst formulated as [C4(DABCO-SO3H)2].4ClO4. Some of the important features of the reported method are short reaction times, easy work-up and isolation of the products from the reaction media, high yields and reusability of the catalyst.
Research Highlights
Easy preparation of [C4(DABCO-SO3H)2].4ClO4 as catalyst.
Synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives
No side reactions and ease of preparation and handling of the catalyst.
Reusability of the catalyst.
Iranian Journal of Catalysis (IJC)Metal-organic frameworks: Photocatalytic application in organic synthesesVolume 14 (2024)Issue 3, September 2024 (In Progress)20240907Metal-organic frameworks: Photocatalytic application in organic syntheses10.57647/j.ijc.2024.1403.34ENMahrokhFarrokhFaculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran0009-0000-6487-9200Journal Article20240907Mahrokh Farrokh was born in Qom, Iran, in 1999. She received her B.Sc. in Applied Chemistry (2022) from Bu-Ali Sina University, Iran. She was also accepted for an M.Sc. in Organic Chemistry under the supervision of Prof. Mohammad Ali Zolfigol at Bu-Ali Sina University. Her research interest is the synthesis, characterization, and applications of homogeneous and heterogeneous reagents and catalysts in organic synthesis.