International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Maximizing rice husk waste for Daucus carotaproductionVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Maximizing rice husk waste for Daucus carotaproduction10.1007/s40093-019-00312-9ENK.P. BaiyeriDepartment of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria0009-0001-8969-8358U.P. ChukwudiDepartment of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, NigeriaC.A. ChizaramDepartment of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, NigeriaMaximizingrice husk waste for Daucus carotaproductionPurpose Rice husk is one of the most widely available agricultural wastes in many rice producing countries of the world. Here, we evaluated carrot production under different rice husk-amended media aimed at providing alternative use for rice husk.
Methods The experimental design was 2×5×4 factorial in completely randomized design with six replications. Factor A consist of two production environments—high tunnel and open field while factor B was five growth media—5:0:0, 4:0:1, 3:1:1, 2:2:1 and 1:3:1 (topsoil:rice husk:poultry manure). Factor C was four carrot varieties; ‘Touchon’, ‘Amazonia’, ‘Carrot New Kuroda’ and ‘Touchon Mega’. Data were collected on seedling emergence and yield parameters. The analyzed means were separated using FLSD (0.05).
Results The biomass yield from plants grown in high tunnel was significantly higher than plants in the open field. Highest root weight, wet and dry biomass yield were obtained from medium 4:0:1 followed by 3:1:1. Harvest index ranged from 32.3% in medium 1:3:1 to 62% in 3:1:1. Days to seedling emergence among varieties ranged from 8.5 to 11.3. ‘Amazonia’ variety produced the highest root weight, wet and dry biomass yield and was followed by ‘Touchon Mega’.
Conclusion Carrot seedling emergence and yield differed in rice husk-amended media under high tunnel and open field environments. ‘Amazonia’ variety grown in media 4:0:1 or 3:1:1 gave the best yield. Inclusion of rice husk in media formulation beyond an optimum rate resulted in yield reduction in carrot. Carrot is sensitive to the physio-chemical properties of its growth medium.Journal Article20240118Purpose Rice husk is one of the most widely available agricultural wastes in many rice producing countries of the world. Here, we evaluated carrot production under different rice husk-amended media aimed at providing alternative use for rice husk.
Methods The experimental design was 2×5×4 factorial in completely randomized design with six replications. Factor A consist of two production environments—high tunnel and open field while factor B was five growth media—5:0:0, 4:0:1, 3:1:1, 2:2:1 and 1:3:1 (topsoil:rice husk:poultry manure). Factor C was four carrot varieties; ‘Touchon’, ‘Amazonia’, ‘Carrot New Kuroda’ and ‘Touchon Mega’. Data were collected on seedling emergence and yield parameters. The analyzed means were separated using FLSD (0.05).
Results The biomass yield from plants grown in high tunnel was significantly higher than plants in the open field. Highest root weight, wet and dry biomass yield were obtained from medium 4:0:1 followed by 3:1:1. Harvest index ranged from 32.3% in medium 1:3:1 to 62% in 3:1:1. Days to seedling emergence among varieties ranged from 8.5 to 11.3. ‘Amazonia’ variety produced the highest root weight, wet and dry biomass yield and was followed by ‘Touchon Mega’.
Conclusion Carrot seedling emergence and yield differed in rice husk-amended media under high tunnel and open field environments. ‘Amazonia’ variety grown in media 4:0:1 or 3:1:1 gave the best yield. Inclusion of rice husk in media formulation beyond an optimum rate resulted in yield reduction in carrot. Carrot is sensitive to the physio-chemical properties of its growth medium.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Banana peel biochar as alternative source of potassium for plant productivity and sustainable agricultureVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Banana peel biochar as alternative source of potassium for plant productivity and sustainable agriculture10.1007/s40093-019-00313-8ENMahmudaIslamSoil, Water and Environment Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, BangladeshM.HalderSoil, Water and Environment Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, BangladeshMd.A. B. SiddiqueInstitute of National Analytical Research and Services (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, BangladeshS.A. A. RazirSoil, Water and Environment Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, BangladeshS.SikderSoil, Water and Environment Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, BangladeshJ.C. JoardarSoil, Water and Environment Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, BangladeshJournal Article20240118Purpose Biochar addition to soil is immensely beneficial for increasing plant productivity and C sequestration, attenuating nutrient leaching loss, counteracting heavy metal contamination and organic waste triggered environmental pollution. To understand the sustainable benefits of biochar, two pot experiments were conducted under net house condition in Khulna University, Bangladesh.
Methods Biochar was prepared from banana peel waste through slow pyrolysis process under limited oxygen condition. Three lower rates (1, 2 and 3%) of banana peel biochar (BPB) were added with agricultural soil along with control with three replications for each. After incorporation of BPB into soil, pots were kept under field condition for 7 days and then the seeds of Ipomoea aquatica were sown. Plants were harvested after 42 days from seeds sowing and plant height, leaf number, fresh weight, and dry weight were measured. Another pot experiment was also conducted under sand medium to test the BPB as K-rich soil amendment where K was applied from two different sources (KCl and BPB) along with control. Seeds of Cucurbita moschata were sown and 40 days after seed sowing, K deficiency was observed in control treatments.
Results Banana peel biochar was found to be rich in K content. Plant productivity and above-ground biomass were reduced in 1% BPB treatments, but increased in 2 and 3% BPB treatments as compared to control but statistically insignificant (p < 0.05). In case of second experiment, K deficiency symptoms were observed in 40 days aged Cucurbita moschata seedlings under control treatments, whereas no K deficiency symptom was noticed in plants grown under K supplied from both KCl and BPB. Moreover, the plant grown with BPB was found healthy, stronger and greener in appearance.
Conclusion This positive influence of BPB on plant growth suggests the alternative way to overcome the use of chemical fertilizer and effective way of utilization of agricultural wastes through recycling.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Effects of termites growth on litter decomposition: a modeling approachVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Effects of termites growth on litter decomposition: a modeling approach10.1007/s40093-019-00314-7ENAbdourhimouAmadou IssoufouWASCAL Graduate Research Program on Climate Change and Biodiversity, Université Félix Houphouet Boigny, Abidjan, Ivory CoastIdrissaSoumanaInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger, Niamey, NigerGarbaMamanInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger, Niamey, NigerSouleymaneKonateUniversité Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Ivory CoastAliMahamaneUnivesité de Diffa, Diffa, NigerJournal Article20240118Purpose Litter decomposition is a biological process resulting from enzymatic activities of microorganisms and influenced in a variety of ways by activities of termites in semi-arid regions. We presented a general model of the decomposition process from litter to carbon sequestration and nitrogen. We aimed at building a termite population growth model which could deal with one substrate.
Methods Our model divides the decomposition/growth process at the population level. We put these changes into equations using an analogy with chemical reactions at equilibrium.
Results Our findings provide evidence that activities of termites can promote the significant activity of microbial decomposers and increase degradation rates of soil organic matter (SOM). Also, termite activity was probably an additional contributor to the difference between fungus-comb chamber and soil environment, in which the fungus-comb compartment was positively related to carbon and nutrients release. According to the developed, observed differences in decomposition rate, changes were strongly affected by the termite communities’ activities in the two types of compartment.
Conclusion This functional distinction highlights the importance of termites’ activities on microbial activities stimulation through their development featuring their impacts on soil nutrient cycling.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Correction to: Effects of organic amendment on some soil physicochemical characteristics and vegetative properties of Zea mays in wetland soils of the Niger Delta impacted with crude oilVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240402Correction to: Effects of organic amendment on some soil physicochemical characteristics and vegetative properties of Zea mays in wetland soils of the Niger Delta impacted with crude oil10.1007/s40093-019-00318-3ENFrancisE. EgobuezeInstitute of Geoscience and Space Technology, Port Harcourt, NigeriaJosiahM. AyotamunoDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers States University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, NigeriaChukwujinduM. A. IwegbueDepartment of Chemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, NigeriaChibogwuEzeInstitute of Geoscience and Space Technology, Port Harcourt, NigeriaReubenN. OkparanmaDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers States University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, NigeriaJournal Article20240402Correction to: International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-019-00315-6
In the original publication of the article, the author’s name Reuben N. Okparanma was misspelled as “Ruben N. Okparanma”. The original article has been updated.
International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Effects of organic amendment on some soil physicochemical characteristics and vegetative properties of Zea mays in wetland soils of the Niger Delta impacted with crude oilVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Effects of organic amendment on some soil physicochemical characteristics and vegetative properties of Zea mays in wetland soils of the Niger Delta impacted with crude oil10.1007/s40093-019-00315-6ENFrancisE. EgobuezeInstitute of Geoscience and Space Technology, Port Harcourt, NigeriaJosiahM. AyotamunoDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers States University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, NigeriaChukwujinduM. A. IwegbueDepartment of Chemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, NigeriaChibogwuEzeInstitute of Geoscience and Space Technology, Port Harcourt, NigeriaReubenN. OkparanmaDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers States University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, NigeriaJournal Article20240118Purpose This study sought to investigate the effects of organic amendments on the degradation of hydrocarbons and vegetative properties of Zea mays grown in crude oil-contaminated wetland soils of the Niger Delta, Nigeria.
Methods Two soil types were investigated, namely, fadama soil (oxisol) and swamp forest soil (utisol). For each soil type, 48 treatment cells and 1 control containing 1 kg of soil each were spiked with crude oil at concentrations ranging from 50 to 200 g kg−1, representing 5–20% (m/m) contamination levels, respectively. Then, 5 days after the contamination, the soils were amended with cow dung (CD), poultry waste (PW), and palm oil waste (POW). The ratios of soil to organic amendments used were 1:1 and 2:1. The soils were tilled and irrigated regularly, and monitored for a total period of 112 days. The same conditions were used to investigate the vegetative properties of Z. mays in these oil-contaminated soils with organic amendments.
Results The total organic carbon (TOC) and pH increased significantly within the first 2 weeks after crude oil contamination; thereafter, the pH of the soil decreased significantly over incubation time, while there was steady increase in TOC with incubation time. The percentage nitrogen and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) decreased significantly. The utisol soil showed better plant performance, despite the lower hydrocarbon degradation rate.
Conclusion The organic amendments showed a TPH degradation trend that followed the order: PW>CD>POW. They also improved the seed emergence of Zea mays.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Physico‑chemical and microbiological quality of M’Zar wastewater treatment plant effluents and their impact on the green irrigation of the Golf courseVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Physico‑chemical and microbiological quality of M’Zar wastewater treatment plant effluents and their impact on the green irrigation of the Golf course10.1007/s40093-019-00316-5ENAbirChahouriLaboratoire des Systèmes Aquatiques, Faculté des Sciences, BP 8016, Agadir, Morocco0000-0002-6260-4235NadiaEl OuahmaniLaboratoire Système Aquatique : Milieu Marin et Continental, Faculté des Sciences Agadir, Département de Biologie, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, MoroccoRedouaneChoukrallahLSalinity and Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Agadir, MoroccoBouchraYacoubiLaboratoire des Systèmes Aquatiques, Faculté des Sciences, BP 8016, Agadir, Morocco0000-0001-7533-1355Journal Article20240118Purpose Reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) for irrigation can be an effective strategy in Morocco to overcome the pressure on freshwater resources. The M’zar wastewater plant is based on percolation infiltration treatment, allowing the purification of the wastewater of Agadir, and with its UV disinfection system, it is now possible to reuse this water for irrigation. In this sense, the aim of our study is to evaluate the microbiological and physicochemical quality of the treated wastewater of this station, used for irrigation of a Golf course as well as to determine its impact on grass and soil.
Methods A monitoring of TWW quality was carried out monthly on the level of the Ocean’s Golf on water samples, grass and soil. This monitoring is related to the physicochemical (pH, temperature, conductivity, STD, COD, and BOD5) and bacteriological characteristics by counting the indicators of faecal contamination, faecal coliforms (FC), faecal streptococci (FS), Salmonella and Vibrios as well as sulphito-reducers spores (SRS).
Results The results of microbiological analysis in the three compartments confirm the presence of various organisms such as FC, FS, and SRS in a very significant number with no load in Salmonella and Vibrios during our study period. For physicochemical analyses, we observed that only the conductivity showed fairly a high value of 6.38 dS/m.
Conclusion The obtained physicochemical and bacteriological results revealed that the treated wastewater with the M’zar plant complies with national and international standards.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Upcycling of food industry side streams by basidiomycetes for production of a vegan protein sourceVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Upcycling of food industry side streams by basidiomycetes for production of a vegan protein source10.1007/s40093-019-00317-4ENJennyAhlbornInstitute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, GermanyAlexanderStephanVAN HEES GmbH, Walluf, GermanyTheresaMeckelInstitute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, GermanyGarimaMaheshwariInstitute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, GermanyMartinRühlFraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, GermanyHolgerZornFraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, GermanyJournal Article20240118Purpose Novel protein sources are urgently needed to meet the increasing protein demand of a continuously growing world population. This study is focused on the production of protein rich mushroom mycelia on industrial side streams.
Methods Submerged propagation of mushrooms was carried out in shake flasks which contained agro-industrial side streams as the sole carbon source. The biomass obtained was analyzed for its crude protein, ash and fat content as well as for its fatty acid and amino acid profiles. Vitamin D2 production from ergosterol in the biomass was induced by UV-B irradiation and determined by HPLC–DAD. The share of fungal mycelium in the total biomass was determined by extraction and quantitation of ergosterol. Additionally, water and oil binding capacity (WBC and OBC) were evaluated.
Results A screening of basidiomycetes grown on agro-industrial side streams indicated a fast growth of Pleurotus sapidus on apple pomace. After 4 days of cultivation, the biomass obtained from this mushroom–substrate combination contained 21% true protein in dry matter. In addition to proteins, the amounts of lipids (4%), ash (2%) and carbohydrates (74%) were quantitated. The dominating fatty and amino acids of Pleurotus sapidus grown on apple pomace were linoleic acid and glutamic acid/glutamine, respectively. Concentrations of up to 115 µg (g dry matter)−1 vitamin D2 were formed from ergosterol by UV-B irradiation. Ergosterol was used as a biomarker to monitor the amount of fungal content.
Conclusion The nutritional value of agro-industrial side streams such as apple pomace can be upcycled by biotransformation with basidiomycetes.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Agrowaste bioconversion and microbial fortification have prospects for soil health, crop productivity, and eco‑enterprisingVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Agrowaste bioconversion and microbial fortification have prospects for soil health, crop productivity, and eco‑enterprising10.1007/s40093-019-0243-0ENDhananjayaP. SinghICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, 275101, IndiaRatnaPrabhaICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, 275101, IndiaShuklaRenuICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, 275101, IndiaPramodKumar SahuICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, 275101, IndiaVivekSinghICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, 275101, IndiaJournal Article20240118Purpose Agricultural chemicals either used as nutrient inputs for soil fertility or pesticides are creating physicochemical and biological deterioration of the soils and disturbing the agro-ecosystems worldwide. Alarming concerns towards integrated agroecology demand for renewed interest in low-external input-based farming practices. These practices comprise strengthening of soil biological properties, recycling of inherent soil minerals and reuse of agricultural residual wastes.
Methods We described approaches for the bioconversion of agricultural residual wastes into value-added compost. The process involves conversion of residual waste into raw compost followed by its fortification with beneficial decomposer microorganisms to produce quality fortified compost product. Finally, incubation of fortified compost with single or consortia of beneficial microorganisms like N-fixers, P-solubilizers or K-mobilizers and biocontrol agents further enriches compost to produce bioorganic products.
Results Bioconversion of agricultural wastes into compost using potential decomposer microorganisms and fortification of decomposed organic matter with beneficial bacterial and fungal species is of immense importance. Additional enrichment of compost with botanicals, humic acid, amino acids, mineral nutrients, phytohormones etc. may also add value to the bioinput products.
Conclusion In an integrated way, on-farm production of raw compost using different agricultural residual wastes and its further fortification with bioorganic farm inputs can help farmers produce value-added compost products for direct application in the crop production. Adoption of microbial bioconversion technologies and their field applications may become eco-enterprising for the rural resource-poor farming communities for enhancing their livelihood along with improving farm productivity and soil health.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Quantification of β‑carotene, lycopene, and chlorophyll content in tomato fruits of enrichment of chicken feathers compostingVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Quantification of β‑carotene, lycopene, and chlorophyll content in tomato fruits of enrichment of chicken feathers composting10.1007/s40093-019-0258-6ENMohanArthanariDepartment of Zoology, Kandaswami Kandar’s College, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSenthilkumarDhanapalanDepartment of Zoology, Kandaswami Kandar’s College, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, IndiaJournal Article20240118Purpose Chicken feather was thrown into the environments, which causes health hazards and environmental pollution. It contains large number of proteins which can be converted into organic fertilizer to reduce the pollution load. These will help to minimize the protein needs and maintain low cost for utilization as raw material for manure production.
Methods Chicken feather waste was subjected to composting by mixing it with cow dung and agricultural waste. Four different composts were prepared for composting of the chicken feather waste: E1, E2, E3, and E4, along with a control [cow dung (CW) + agricultural waste (AG)]. The major and minor nutrient contents of the compost were analyzed on the 90th day. The prepared compost was applied to Solanum lycopersicum plants; fruits pigments (lycopene, β-carotene, and chlorophyll) were evaluated. Result Chicken feather compost has high nutrient level organic carbon (1.83%), nitrogen (7.33%), potassium (4.40%), sulphur (19.69 ppm), zinc (4.96 ppm), boron (0.59 ppm), and iron (6.62 ppm) except phosphorus (0.26%) in the control.
Results revealed highest lycopene in E4 (0.5881 mg/100 ml) and β-carotene in E1 (0.2699 mg/100 ml) when compared with the control value lycopene (0.4602 mg/100 ml) and β-carotene (0.1341 mg/100 ml). A positive correlation has been established between lycopene/β-carotene and negative correlation have been existing chlorophyll content vs lycopene/β-carotene.
Conclusion Chicken feather can be eco-friendly when converted into compost which in turn enriches the quality of tomato fruits (lycopene and β-carotene).International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Enhanced bio‑composting of rice straw using agricultural residues: an alternate to burningVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Enhanced bio‑composting of rice straw using agricultural residues: an alternate to burning10.1007/s40093-019-0263-9ENPardeepKaurDepartment of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India0000-0002-4915-8760GurvinderSingh KocherDepartment of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, IndiaMonicaSachdeva TaggarSchool of Renewable Energy Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, IndiaJournal Article20240118Purpose Rice straw which predominantly contains cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, can be converted into value-added product such as bio-compost. The present study was planned to carry out rice straw degradation, added with agricultural residues like rice bran and fruit waste in different combinations, with standard fungal culture of Trichoderma harzianum MTCC 8230.
Methods Rice straw added with fruit waste and rice bran was moistened with sterilized water in five different proportions. The experimental trays were inoculated with spore suspension (1×108 spores/ml) of T. harzanium. The trays were observed for change in pH, appearance and chemical fibres (acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre, and acid detergent lignin).
Results A continuous increase in bulk density accompanied with a decrease in volume was observed in all the experimental trays including the control. There was an initial increase in pH from 7 to 9 which stabilized to 8 after 12 days of incubation. The crystalline structure of rice straw was transformed into amorphous one in a time frame of 28 days, with a significant decrease in lignin from 20–25% to 13–15% and an increase in crude protein from 5–17%.
Conclusion The crystalline rice straw was reduced to a brown crumpled and compact value-added composted biofertilizer with a high carbon and crude protein content.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Cocoa bean shell waste as potential raw material for dietary fiber powderVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Cocoa bean shell waste as potential raw material for dietary fiber powder10.1007/s40093-019-0271-9ENLiendaHandojoChemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Labtek X, Kampus ITB, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, IndonesiaCocoabean shell waste as potential raw material for dietary fiber powderPurpose The shell of cocoa beans is one of the cocoa industry byproducts that currently still become waste. Through this research, utilization of cocoa bean shell for producing alkalized fiber powder was observed. The aim of the study is producing fiber powder from the shell of cocoa beans.
Methods The shell of cocoa beans was obtained from the chocolate industry and directly used without any pretreatment. The shell of cocoa beans was alkalized to adjust the pH and remove the possible heavy metal. At the end of the alkalization process, the solid material was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Later, the solid material was crushed into 30–200 mesh. The possibility for this powder to substitute other fiber powders (oat and whole wheat) was tested by texture profile analysis (TPA) and panelists test for cookies produced of those powders.
Results The experiment shows that an increase in temperature will cause the product’s color to be more red and yellow, lowering the powder yield, and also increase the coarse fiber content of the alkalized-product.
Conclusions Powder size analysis, TPA, and acceptance test show that the produced cocoa powder can be utilized for a substitution or mixing four as there is no significant difference observed among them. It contains rich fiber that is important for dietary food.Cocoabean shell waste as potential raw material for dietary fiber powderPurpose The shell of cocoa beans is one of the cocoa industry byproducts that currently still become waste. Through this research, utilization of cocoa bean shell for producing alkalized fiber powder was observed. The aim of the study is producing fiber powder from the shell of cocoa beans.
Methods The shell of cocoa beans was obtained from the chocolate industry and directly used without any pretreatment. The shell of cocoa beans was alkalized to adjust the pH and remove the possible heavy metal. At the end of the alkalization process, the solid material was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Later, the solid material was crushed into 30–200 mesh. The possibility for this powder to substitute other fiber powders (oat and whole wheat) was tested by texture profile analysis (TPA) and panelists test for cookies produced of those powders.
Results The experiment shows that an increase in temperature will cause the product’s color to be more red and yellow, lowering the powder yield, and also increase the coarse fiber content of the alkalized-product.
Conclusions Powder size analysis, TPA, and acceptance test show that the produced cocoa powder can be utilized for a substitution or mixing four as there is no significant difference observed among them. It contains rich fiber that is important for dietary food.Journal Article20240118Purpose The shell of cocoa beans is one of the cocoa industry byproducts that currently still become waste. Through this research, utilization of cocoa bean shell for producing alkalized fiber powder was observed. The aim of the study is producing fiber powder from the shell of cocoa beans.
Methods The shell of cocoa beans was obtained from the chocolate industry and directly used without any pretreatment. The shell of cocoa beans was alkalized to adjust the pH and remove the possible heavy metal. At the end of the alkalization process, the solid material was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Later, the solid material was crushed into 30–200 mesh. The possibility for this powder to substitute other fiber powders (oat and whole wheat) was tested by texture profile analysis (TPA) and panelists test for cookies produced of those powders.
Results The experiment shows that an increase in temperature will cause the product’s color to be more red and yellow, lowering the powder yield, and also increase the coarse fiber content of the alkalized-product.
Conclusions Powder size analysis, TPA, and acceptance test show that the produced cocoa powder can be utilized for a substitution or mixing four as there is no significant difference observed among them. It contains rich fiber that is important for dietary food.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Feather hydrolysate as a promising nitrogen‑rich fertilizer for greenhouse lettuce cultivationVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Feather hydrolysate as a promising nitrogen‑rich fertilizer for greenhouse lettuce cultivation10.1007/s40093-019-0281-7ENLisianeSobuckiLaboratório de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Cerro Largo, Cerro Largo, BrazilRodrigoFerraz RamosLaboratório de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Cerro Largo, Cerro Largo, BrazilElciGubianiDepartamento de Solos, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, BrazilGustavoBrunettoDepartamento de Solos, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, BrazilDouglasRodrigo KaiserLaboratório de Química e Fertilidade do Solo, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Cerro Largo, Cerro Largo, BrazilDanielJoner DaroitLaboratório de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Cerro Largo, Cerro Largo, BrazilJournal Article20240118Purpose Poultry agro-industry generates huge amounts of solid wastes, such as poultry litter (PL) and feathers. Feathers, possessing a substantial amount of organic nitrogen, are mainly converted into feather meal (FM) through the hydrothermal process; however, microbial conversion into feather hydrolysates (FH) is increasingly being focused on. Since waste management strategies include the use of organic wastes as soil fertilizer, PL, FM, and FH were evaluated as fertilizers for lettuce in comparison to urea.
Methods Lettuce seedlings were transplanted to soil pots containing FH, obtained through feathers’ bioconversion by Bacillus sp. CL18, FM, PL, urea, and unfertilized controls. Partial chemical characterization of FH, FP, and PL was performed. Fertilization treatments were applied to reach 180 kg N/ha. Growth, dry biomass, and chlorophyll contents of lettuce were evaluated to indicate fertilizer performance.
Results After 60 days of greenhouse lettuce cultivation, leaves per plant were superior after FH treatment. Lettuce fertilized with urea and FH presented higher and similar foliar areas. FH treatment resulted in increased dry weight (DW) of leaves, which then decreased in the order urea>FM>MM~controls>PL. Dry weight of leaves and roots was 33% and 64% higher with FH than with urea. Leaf total chlorophyll content was higher with FH, but similar to urea and FM. Lettuce growth was negatively affected by PL when compared to controls.
Conclusion FH, obtained from microbial processing of abundant and inexpensive feathers, could be a candidate N-rich fertilizer for lettuce cultivation.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Changes on microbial C and enzyme activities in soil with amendment of composted tannery sludge after 9 yearsVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Changes on microbial C and enzyme activities in soil with amendment of composted tannery sludge after 9 years10.1007/s40093-019-00296-6ENAntonioVictor Cavalcante Rocha SilvaSoil Quality Lab., Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64049-550, BrazilFranciscoBarbosa De Macedo JuniorSoil Quality Lab., Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64049-550, BrazilJadsonEmanuel Lopes AntunesSoil Quality Lab., Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64049-550, BrazilJoãoPedro Alves De AquinoSoil Quality Lab., Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64049-550, BrazilReginaMaria Silva SousaSoil Quality Lab., Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64049-550, BrazilLouiseMelo De Souza OliveiraSoil Quality Lab., Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64049-550, BrazilAdemirSérgio Ferreira De AraujoSoil Quality Lab., Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64049-550, BrazilJournal Article20240118Purpose The consecutive amendment of composted tannery sludge (CTS) could promote changes in the status of soil microorganisms. Thus, this study evaluated the changes on microbial C and enzyme activities in soil after 9 years of CTS amendment.
Methods CTS was amended from 2009 to 2018 at five rates: 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 ton ha−1. In 2018, the soil chemical properties (pH, electric conductivity, P, K, Cr, and total organic C), microbial C and enzyme activities were evaluated after 30 days from the amendment.
Results The values of chemical properties increased after nine years of CTS application. The content of microbial C and the enzyme activities increased with the amendment of 2.5 and 5 ton ha−1, and decreased with the amendment of10 and 20 ton ha−1.
Conclusion This study showed that the amendment of10 and 20 ton ha−1 of CTS increased soil pH and Cr concentration and promoted a decreasing on soil microbial C and enzyme activities.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Effect of compost formulation and postharvest management on quality parameters of button mushroomVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Effect of compost formulation and postharvest management on quality parameters of button mushroom10.1007/s40093-019-00304-9ENMohammadEbrahim RanjbarHorticultural Department, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, IranZahraGhahremaniHorticultural Department, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, IranEffectof compost formulation and postharvest management on quality parameters of button mushroomPurpose The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of compost formulation made from agricultural by-products and thermal treatment of fresh mushrooms on the postharvest quality parameters.
Methods Quail manure was evaluated as an alternative ingredient to the broadly used chicken manure for compost preparation. In addition, the treatment of fresh mushrooms by hot water to extend shelf-life was tested. Quality parameters including color (browning due to microbial activity), cap opening and the weight loss (senescence) were evaluated.
Results The nature of the manure employed as base material in the substrate can affect the postharvest browning ratio of mushroom. However, no significant differences in Δb value, weight loss or cap opening were noticed between two different substrates during storage of harvested mushrooms. The cap opening ratio was further retarded while applying thermal treatment to the mushrooms at 55 °C.
Conclusions The use of chicken manure as base material to prepare mushroom substrate reduces mushroom browning during storage compared to quail manure, although mushrooms from quail compost are whiter at picking. Postharvest treatment at 45 °C for 4 min was the best to minimize the weight loss.Journal Article20240118Purpose The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of compost formulation made from agricultural by-products and thermal treatment of fresh mushrooms on the postharvest quality parameters.
Methods Quail manure was evaluated as an alternative ingredient to the broadly used chicken manure for compost preparation. In addition, the treatment of fresh mushrooms by hot water to extend shelf-life was tested. Quality parameters including color (browning due to microbial activity), cap opening and the weight loss (senescence) were evaluated.
Results The nature of the manure employed as base material in the substrate can affect the postharvest browning ratio of mushroom. However, no significant differences in Δb value, weight loss or cap opening were noticed between two different substrates during storage of harvested mushrooms. The cap opening ratio was further retarded while applying thermal treatment to the mushrooms at 55 °C.
Conclusions The use of chicken manure as base material to prepare mushroom substrate reduces mushroom browning during storage compared to quail manure, although mushrooms from quail compost are whiter at picking. Postharvest treatment at 45 °C for 4 min was the best to minimize the weight loss.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Change in estrogenic activity in stored human urine before reuse as fertilizerVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Change in estrogenic activity in stored human urine before reuse as fertilizer10.1007/s40093-019-0289-zENMariaAlejandra AriasDepartment of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn – Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Karlrobert-Kreiten Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, GermanyUteArnoldDepartment of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn – Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Karlrobert-Kreiten Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, GermanyHeinerGoldbachDepartment of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn – Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Karlrobert-Kreiten Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, GermanyJournal Article20240118Purpose Recycling of nutrients from human excreta may offer an opportunity for smallholder farms to improve crop nutrition and soil fertility. However, when applying human urine as fertilizer, it may load natural and synthetic estrogens into the environment. To avoid pollution by endocrine disruptors, treatment methods before field application must be implemented. The present study thus aims to evaluate the reduction in estrogenic activity in human urine during the storage period before urine is applied to the field.
Method This study evaluated the estrogenic activity in diluted urine (DU) exposed to simulated sunlight (280–700 nm) and under dark conditions for 75 days. Estrogenic activity was analyzed using the recombinant yeast estrogen screen assay. Concentrations of total nitrogen (Ntot), ammonium–N (NH4–N) and dissolved organic carbon were measured, as well as electrical conductivity and pH. Correlation of factors to the reduction of the estrogenic activity was also evaluated.
Results Decay of estrogenicity occurred in both treatments, though it was faster in DU exposed to light (k=0.07 day−1) as compared to DU under darkness (k=0.05 day−1). Exposure of DU to a direct light source enhances decay of estrogenicity, however, losses of available N can be significant.
Conclusion While reduction of estrogenic activity in DU stored under dark conditions takes longer, it is easy and does not require expensive equipment, energy sources or profound chemical expertise. Therefore, we suggest storage of DU under dark conditions as the best option for small-scale farmers and households in rural areas of developing countries.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Enriched animal manure as a source of phosphorus in sustainable agricultureVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Enriched animal manure as a source of phosphorus in sustainable agriculture10.1007/s40093-019-00291-xENReginaldoDe CamargoFederal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil0000-0003-0577-3961I.D. S. QueirozInstitute of Agrarian Science, University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, BrazilJ.E. R. MikhaelInstitute of Agrarian Science, University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, BrazilR.C. OliveiraInstitute of Agrarian Science, University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, BrazilE.N. BorgesInstitute of Agrarian Science, University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, BrazilJournal Article20240118Purpose Due to the pressures of conforming to environmental quality standards and the increased costs of mineral fertilizer importation, there is growing interest in the use of organic residues as fertilizers. To test the hypothesis that indicates the quantity of animal manure (AM) depends on the phosphorus (P) needs of the crops, an experiment was run using three organic animal manures (chicken-CM, turkey-TM, and cow manure-CoM), enriched with limestone, gypsum, and phosphorus.
Method A greenhouse experiment was run using AM incorporated in a clayey soil, at a rate that equates to the P needs of Brachiaria sp. Contents of phosphorus, potassium (K+), calcium (Ca+2), magnesium (Mg+2), sodium (Na+), organic matter (OM), and values of pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were monitored during 120 days. Plants were collected to determine the dry matter.
Results Application of enriched AM increased the contents of Ca, Mg, and K over time, while P and OM presented a decrease. Soil fertilized with CoM resulted in the greatest contents of P and OM, while soil with TM presented the highest production of dry matter with the lowest contents of P in soil. There was an increase in Na content in soil with the application of AM.
Conclusion Fertilization with AM presents the potential to supply P, Ca, Mg and K for plants. Enriched CoM appears to be the most viable option to improve the phosphorus and organic matter in soil because of high C/N. However, farmers may need to pay attention to the quantity of Na.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Quantifying the influence of eucalyptus bark and corncob biochars on the physico‑chemical properties of a tropical oxisol under two soil tillage modesVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Quantifying the influence of eucalyptus bark and corncob biochars on the physico‑chemical properties of a tropical oxisol under two soil tillage modes10.1007/s40093-019-00292-wENBorisMerlain Djousse KanouoCentre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Renouvelables, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, CanadaSuzanneEdith AllaireCentre d’Étude de la Forêt, Département des sciences du bois et de la Forêt, Université Laval, 2405 rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, CanadaQuantifyingthe influence of eucalyptus bark and corncob biochars on the physico‑chemical properties of a tropical oxisol under two soil tillage modesPurpose This study aimed to assess the impact of two biochars applied at the rate of 15 t ha−1 on physico-chemical parameters of an oxisol in Cameroon.
Method The biochars were made from slow pyrolysis (~300 °C, 4 h) of eucalyptus tree bark and corncobs and then incorporated into the top 15 cm of the soil with or without straw. The soil tillage mode was either fat plots or furrows and ridges. Soil porosity, bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, available water content, pH, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, cation exchange capacity and electrical conductivity were analyzed before biochar application, then 6 and 12 months after.
Results None of the measured soil physical parameters were affected by the presence or type of biochar. The total porosity was lower during the second production period compared to the first, while available water content and van Genuchten parameters increased during the second production period. No significant difference was observed between soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, cation exchange capacity and electrical conductivity of control and treated plots.
Conclusion We recommend that straw be pyrolysed and the resulting biochar incorporated into soil instead of burying straw (as is actually done in furrow and ridges tillage mode).Journal Article20240118Purpose This study aimed to assess the impact of two biochars applied at the rate of 15 t ha−1 on physico-chemical parameters of an oxisol in Cameroon.
Method The biochars were made from slow pyrolysis (~300 °C, 4 h) of eucalyptus tree bark and corncobs and then incorporated into the top 15 cm of the soil with or without straw. The soil tillage mode was either fat plots or furrows and ridges. Soil porosity, bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, available water content, pH, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, cation exchange capacity and electrical conductivity were analyzed before biochar application, then 6 and 12 months after.
Results None of the measured soil physical parameters were affected by the presence or type of biochar. The total porosity was lower during the second production period compared to the first, while available water content and van Genuchten parameters increased during the second production period. No significant difference was observed between soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, cation exchange capacity and electrical conductivity of control and treated plots.
Conclusion We recommend that straw be pyrolysed and the resulting biochar incorporated into soil instead of burying straw (as is actually done in furrow and ridges tillage mode).International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Bio‑active compounds of potato influenced by vermicompost and tuber size during ambient storage conditionVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Bio‑active compounds of potato influenced by vermicompost and tuber size during ambient storage condition10.1007/s40093-019-00293-9ENMd.Nousad HossainDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh0000-0002-0213-6812TuhinSuvra RoyDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, BangladeshRajeshChakrabortyDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, BangladeshJournal Article20240118Purpose The research was performed to assess the effect of vermicompost and tuber size on the storage behavior of potato during the ambient condition.
Method The research was consisted of two factors, i.e., factor A: vermicompost level (Vm-4): Vm1: 0 t ha−1 (control), Vm2: 3 t ha−1, Vm3: 6 t ha−1, and Vm4: 9 t ha−1</sup>; factor B: tuber size (T-5): T1: 5–10 g, T2:10–20 g, T3: 20–30 g, T4: 30–40 g, and T5: >40 g. The research was conducted in a split-plot design where vermicompost levels were assigned to the main plots and tuber sizes to the subplots.
Results Vermicompost had a significant effect on most of the processing quality contributing parameters of potato. Processing quality parameters increased with increasing vermicompost level irrespective of tuber size. Among the 20 treatment combinations, vermicompost @ 9 t ha−1 with tuber size >40 g exhibited the highest starch (23.81 mg g−1 FW), antioxidant (478.84 Trolox µMol100 g−1 FW), polyphenol (96.133 GA mg100 g−1 FW), and the lowest reducing sugar (0.1020 mg g−1 FW). In respect of ambient storage condition, starch decreased with increasing storage time; reducing sugar gradually increased with increasing storage time up to 40 days after storage (DAS) and after that slightly decreased and finally, potato became non-suitable for both table and processing purpose; antioxidant and polyphenol slightly increased up to 20 DAS and after that gradually decreased with increasing storage time.
Conclusion Potato growers may use vermicompost for increasing and improving processing quality of potato.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Improvement of nitrogen uptake and dry matter content of Swiss chard by pre‑incubation of duckweeds in soilVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Improvement of nitrogen uptake and dry matter content of Swiss chard by pre‑incubation of duckweeds in soil10.1007/s40093-019-00294-8ENTichaedzaJohn ChikuvireSchool of Agricultural Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South AfricaPardonMuchaonyerwaSchool of Agricultural Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South AfricaRebeccaZengeniSchool of Agricultural Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South AfricaJournal Article20240118Purpose Recovery of nutrients from water using duckweed and their reuse has significance in closing the loop on nutrient transfer from anthropogenic sources. This study investigated the effect of rate of application and pre-incubation period of duckweed on biomass and nutrient uptake of Swiss chard (Fordhook giant).
Method Two glasshouse experiments were laid out in randomized complete block designs with three replicates. In the first experiment, Swiss chard was grown on two soils (ferralsol and regosol) amended with Wolfa arrhiza biomass at 0, 50,100 and 200% of the recommended nitrogen rate. In the second experiment, the same vegetable was grown on the ferralsol amended with W. arrhiza and Lemna minor at recommended nitrogen rate, with pre-incubation periods of 0, 14 and 28 days.
Results Application of W. arrhiza biomass increased Swiss chard dry matter by 23–45% compared to the negative control. The positive control (urea at100 kg N ha−1 rate) had highest Swiss chard biomass. Higher rates than100 kg N ha−1 had no added benefit on dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake of Swiss chard. Pre-incubation of duckweed for 28 days improved nutrient uptake, resulting in higher dry matter than shorter periods. The Swiss chard dry matter after pre-incubation for 28 days was similar to that from urea application.
Conclusion Findings from this study suggest that duckweed is a resource with beneficial use for nutrient supply to vegetables, especially when appropriate rates are used with pre-incubation.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Effects of mineral and organic fertilization with the use of wet olive pomace on durum wheat performanceVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Effects of mineral and organic fertilization with the use of wet olive pomace on durum wheat performance10.1007/s40093-019-00295-7ENGiovanniLacollaDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, ItalyStefaniaFortunatoDepartment of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, ItalyDomenicaNigroDepartment of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, ItalyMariaConcetta De PintoDepartment of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Bari, Bari, ItalyMarioAlberto MastroDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, ItalyDavideCaranfaDepartment of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, ItalyAgataGadaletaDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, ItalyGiovannaCucciDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, ItalyJournal Article20240118Purpose Despite durum wheat accounts for only 5% of the global wheat production, it represents an economically important species, as a basic food and primary source of daily caloric intake in the Mediterranean basin area. By-products of agricultural processing, such as pomace, can be used to increase soil fertility, as they are indeed a source of important nutrients useful for crop growth.
Method The present research was carried out on durum wheat, as part of a long-term experiment. The study aimed at assessing the effects of mineral and organic fertilization with the use of wet olive pomace on a 3-year trial with crops grown in succession (fava beans—wheat—spelt). A split-plot experimental design with three replicates was used. The cultivars (Aureo and Vespucci) were assigned to the main plots and the seven fertilization treatments to the sub-plots.
Results Our result showed that supplying wet olive pomace as soil improver was not sufficient to significantly improve soil fertility compared to the unfertilized control. However, when 60 kg ha−1 of nitrogen was supplied in coverage before tillering, in addition to 70 Mg ha−1 of wet olive pomace yield an increase of 66% in Aureo cv and of 222% in Vespucci cv, in comparison to the unfertilized crop.
Conclusion The best management of fertilizers, associated with the use of more nitrogen-use-efficient genotypes, is essential for the development of a sustainable agriculture.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Co‑production and biomass yield of amaranthus (Amaranthus hybridus ) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in gravel‑based substrate filter aquaponicVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Co‑production and biomass yield of amaranthus (Amaranthus hybridus ) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in gravel‑based substrate filter aquaponic10.1007/s40093-019-00297-5ENTaofikAdemola BabatundeDepartment of Biology, Umaru Musa Ya’radua University, P.M.B. 2218, Katsina, NigeriaKabirIbrahimDepartment of Biology, Umaru Musa Ya’radua University, P.M.B. 2218, Katsina, NigeriaBabangidaAbdulkarimDepartment of Biology, Umaru Musa Ya’radua University, P.M.B. 2218, Katsina, NigeriaNasirHassan WaginiDepartment of Biology, Umaru Musa Ya’radua University, P.M.B. 2218, Katsina, NigeriaSama’ilaAdamu UsmanDepartment of Biology, Umaru Musa Ya’radua University, P.M.B. 2218, Katsina, NigeriaJournal Article20240118Purpose Aquaponics combine aquaculture with crop production in a mutual system. In this experiment, the growth of Amaranthus in aquaponics with tilapia fish was investigated.
Method 500-liter water tanks containing tilapia fish at four initial stocking densities of 100, 150, 200, and 250 fish/m3 were used in triplicates, with a view to evaluate vegetable yields as influenced by fish biomass to water ratio. 1 g of Amaranthus seeds were sown in a 1 m2 planting trough, which contained gravel with a top layer of sandy soil. The pots were flooded with water from fish holdings by an aquarium pump.
Results The germination rate of Amaranthus was not significantly different across the experimental setup (P > 0.05). The growth rate of Amaranthus was significantly higher with increasing fish density (P < 0.05). The average lowest and highest of shoots dry biomass yield recorded were 0.36 and 1.95 g/plant at 8 weeks after of sowing, and this corresponds to fish stocking densities of 100 and 250 fish/m3, respectively. A high positive correlation was found between the shoot dry biomass of Amaranthus and fish stocking density. The survival of tilapia fingerlings was not significant different, while the production levels were 5.62, 4.77, 4.57, and 4.00 kg/m2 in 100, 150, 200, and 250 fish/m3.
Conclusion The growth of Amaranthus in this experiment demonstrated that the plant could effectively utilize the nitrogenous waste from fish tanks for biomass production, even at a higher concentration, while considerations for moderate fish density are only for fish health.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Recycling agro‑industrial waste to produce amylase and characterizing amylase–gold nanoparticle compositeVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Recycling agro‑industrial waste to produce amylase and characterizing amylase–gold nanoparticle composite10.1007/s40093-019-00298-4ENAdityaMojumdarDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, CanadaJashminiDekaIQVIA, Bangalore, IndiaJournal Article20240118Purpose Amylase being one of the most important industrial enzymes requires large-scale production. When producing an enzyme, high productivity, high purity and low production costs need to be considered. This study focuses on comparing various agro-industrial waste substrates, for production of alpha-amylase using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Moreover, it studies the stability and activity of amylase–gold nanoparticles composite.
Method This study is divided into two parts, in the first part various agro-industrial waste substrates, such as wheat bran, rice bran and potato peel were used to produce alpha-amylase using solid-state fermentation (SSF). The production of the enzyme was quantified and compared in specific enzyme activity units. In the second part, change in the stability and activity of amylase in enzyme–gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) composite has been discussed.
Results Highest enzyme production was observed in wheat bran and potato peel substrate with specific enzyme activity of almost 1.2 U/ug and 1.1 U/ug. Among combination substrates, wheat bran with potato peel showed a high enzyme production of 1.3 U/ug. On the other hand, the optimum temperature for amylase activity shifted to 55 °C in the composite compared to 37 °C for free enzyme.
Conclusion Comparison of specific enzyme activity of extracts from various substrates showed that wheat bran alone, and in combination with potato peel, produces active and pure amylases. To stress on various catalytic activities of alpha amylase, the capability of the enzyme to synthesize gold nanoparticles and the effect of conjugation of the nanoparticle on its optimum catalytic activity are also discussed in this paper.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Improving soil silicon and selected fertility status for rice production through rice‑mill waste application in lowland sawah rice field of southeastern NigeriaVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Improving soil silicon and selected fertility status for rice production through rice‑mill waste application in lowland sawah rice field of southeastern Nigeria10.1007/s40093-019-00299-3ENBenedictO. UnagwuDepartment of Soil Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria0000-0003-4383-2811BenedictOnyebuchi UnagwuDepartment of Soil Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, NigeriaChukwuebukaChristopher OkoloDepartment of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, P. O. Box 231, Mekelle, EthiopiaCharlesArinze IgweDepartment of Soil Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, NigeriaToshiyukiWakatsukiFaculty of Agriculture, Shimane University, Matsue, JapanJournal Article20240118Purpose Rice-mill wastes are generated in large amounts in Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. These wastes can potentially be utilized for rice production and in improving soil attributes. This study evaluated the effects of rice-mill wastes on soil chemical properties and rice yield in sawah rice management.
Method A sawah rice field in an inland valley of southeastern Nigeria was used in 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons for the study. Sawah refers to an Indo-Malaysian term for rice paddy. It involves the manipulation of some soil physical properties in form of ecological engineering works, by bunding, puddling and leveling of lowland rice field for water control and management. Two rice-mill wastes [rice husk ash (RHA) and rice husk dust (RHD) applied at 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 t ha−1] and the control were built into a split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications.
Results Bio-waste application had significant (p < 0.05) improved effects on the soil organic carbon, available P, soil available Si and total N compared with the unamended (control) treatment. There was significant (p < 0.05) increase in rice grain yield from 5.05 to 5.80 t ha−1 (for RHA) and 6.17–6.96 t/ha (for RHD) compared with 2.35–2.8 t ha−1 (control treatment) in both cropping seasons.
Conclusion RHD and RHA treatments had significantly higher rice grain yield compared with the control treatment. Overall, rice grain yield was higher under RHD treatment compared with RHA treatment. This result demonstrated that RHA and RHD are potential agricultural resource for rice production in the study area.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Commercial and household food waste separation behaviour and the role of Local authority: A case studyVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Commercial and household food waste separation behaviour and the role of Local authority: A case study10.1007/s40093-019-00300-zENMamunJamalEnvironment Directorate, Cork County Council, Inniscarra, IrelandAleksandraSzeflerEnvironment Directorate, Cork County Council, Inniscarra, IrelandColmanKellyWERLA-Southern Region, Environment Directorate, Cork County Council, Inniscarra, IrelandNicholasBondWERLA-Southern Region, Environment Directorate, Cork County Council, Inniscarra, IrelandJournal Article20240118Purpose Source segregation of food waste is one of the major challenges that inhibit food waste recycling around the world. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the local authority to implement regulations and encourage an increase in the source separation of food waste within both commercial premises and households, and identifying any gaps that exist in public awareness.
Method This study was conducted by the Cork County Council in 568 commercial premises and 1362 houses in County Cork, Ireland. This study also included investigations of public and private civic amenity sites and waste collectors that collect kerb side waste located within the region. The interviewee’s responses were documented and a database has been prepared and analyzed.
Results Integrated strategy is crucial to roll out food waste bin within a community for successful implementation of source segregation of food waste. This strategy should involve a dedicated team from the local authority who continue to visit, monitor and co-ordinate the activities of local authorities, waste collectors, civic amenity sites and public to implement and enforce the food waste regulations. In addition to organizing appropriate infrastructure for recycling of food waste, continuous awareness raising through education, leaflets and local and national media is also crucial.
Conclusion The role of local authorities should include facilitating the development of appropriate facilities such as composting, anaerobic digestion within communities and to encourage communities to take ownership of these facilities and reuse the resultant material within the local area.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Design of biogas digester with thermophilic pretreatment for reducing fruits wastesVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Design of biogas digester with thermophilic pretreatment for reducing fruits wastes10.1007/s40093-019-00301-yENBudyRahmatFaculty of Agriculture, Siliwangi University, Tasikmalaya, 46115, IndonesiaIdaHodiyahFaculty of Agriculture, Siliwangi University, Tasikmalaya, 46115, IndonesiaApipSupriadiFaculty of Agriculture, Siliwangi University, Tasikmalaya, 46115, IndonesiaMemetHikmatFaculty of Agriculture, Siliwangi University, Tasikmalaya, 46115, IndonesiaGilangPurnamaFaculty of Agriculture, Siliwangi University, Tasikmalaya, 46115, IndonesiaJournal Article20240118Purpose This study aimed to design a biogas digester that works thermophilically and mesophilically and tested its performance to produce biogas and digestate.
Method This study used some experimental methods, which consists of: (1) design and construction process of the digester which can facilitate the thermophilic process as a pretreatment of the feedstock and the anaerobic digestion process of the substrate; (2) determination of the quantity of biogas, liquid digestate, and compost; and (3) testing digestate quality as a liquid organic fertilizer for Ipomoea reptans.
Results The built biogas digester was able to accommodate thermophilic digestion that runs intensely in the pretreatment tank, where the complex organic compounds, namely cellulose and hemicellulose, decomposed intensively, so that it becomes a suitable substrate. As raw material, every 4 kg of banana waste, can produce biogas, digestate and dry compost of 10, 200 cm3 (highest yield), 5900 mL, and 1420 g, respectively. The highest Ipomoea reptans growth was achieved by digestate treatment from banana waste.
Conclusion Thermophilic pretreatment could shorten the processing time to 3 days. Digestate treatment as a liquid organic fertilizer is able to provide a better supply of nutrients for plants.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Growth performance of roselle (Hibiscus sabdarifa) under application of food waste compost and Fe3O4 nanoparticle treatmentVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Growth performance of roselle (Hibiscus sabdarifa) under application of food waste compost and Fe3O4 nanoparticle treatment10.1007/s40093-019-00302-xENSyahnazAd-Din Naquib Bin ShuhaimiFaculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MalaysiaDevagiKanakarajuFaculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MalaysiaHollenaNoriFaculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MalaysiaJournal Article20240118Purpose Utilization of food waste as composting materials offers a sustainable solution to manage waste and reduce reliance on fertilizers.
Method This study is focused on the efficiency of food waste compost and the effect of the addition of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles on the growth and heavy metals uptake by roselle (Hibiscus sabdarifa) for the cultivation period of 127 days. Five different treatments were applied, namely soil (S), food waste compost (F), a mixture of soil and Fe3O4 (SM), a mixture of soil and food waste compost (SF), and a mixture of soil, food waste compost, and Fe3O4 (SFM).
Results After 127 days of cultivation, the plant height averaged at 803 mm with 26 leaves produced across all treatments. Total leaf area, fruit production, and biomass yield were different (P >0.05) from its control (without Fe3O4) in relation to growth performance.
Conclusion The findings of this study showed that food waste can be applied in composting to promote plant growth. Therefore, it can be considered as a substitute for chemical fertilizers. Meanwhile, the application of Fe3O4 appeared to be experimental-condition dependent.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Investigation of negative effects of rice husk silica on komatsuna growth using three experimentsVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Investigation of negative effects of rice husk silica on komatsuna growth using three experiments10.1007/s40093-019-00303-wENMasafumiTatedaSchool of Environmental Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University Toyama 939-0398, Japan0000-0001-7558-4416LeVan ChieuProject Management Department, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, VietnamMasafumiTatedaSchool of Environmental Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University Toyama 939-0398, Japan0000-0001-7558-4416Journal Article20240118Purpose This study aims to evaluate the potential negative effects of rice husk as a source of fertilizer on plant growth.
Method Growth tests were conducted on komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis) using three types of experiment. A pot experiment was conducted to compare different fertilizers on an individual basis. A second pot experiment was conducted to compare different mixtures of fertilizers. Finally, a field experiment was performed to determine the effects of the application of different quantities of silica.
Results The results showed that komatsuna grew better with the application of silica mixed with fertilizer, and that there was an optimal quantity of silica to be used, when used on its own. It was found that, in all cases, the silica in the rice husk ash did not have any measurable negative effects on the growth of the komatsuna.
Conclusion We, therefore, conclude that rice husk silica can undoubtedly be used for plant cultivation.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Effect of incremental levels of apple pomace and multi enzyme on performance, immune response, gut development and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chickensVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Effect of incremental levels of apple pomace and multi enzyme on performance, immune response, gut development and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chickens10.1007/s40093-019-00305-8ENAmirHosein AghiliIslamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, IranMajidToghyaniIslamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, IranSayedAli TabeidianIslamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, IranJournal Article20240118Purpose During the apple processing procedures, a large amount of apple pomace is generated which is contains peel, core, seed, calyx, stem, and soft issue. The polyphenolic compounds in apple pomace are strong antioxidants that are able to counterbalance the free radicals; also, it is a rich source of many nutrients such as carbohydrates, minerals, fiber except protein. The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of dried apple pomace in broilers diet.
Methods The incremental levels of dried apple pomace (4, 8, 12, 16 and 20%) with and without enzyme were used in broilers diet (8 dietary treatments). The growth performance, immune response, gut development, antioxidant capacity (TAC) and blood biochemical parameters were evaluated.
Results The lowest daily weight gain, body weight and poorest feed conversion ratio was obtained by F treatment (P < 0.05), enzyme inclusion along with dried apple pomace had positive effect on growth performance. The antibody titter against Newcastle, Influenza and SRBC was increased by C, H, G and H treatments, respectively (P < 0.05). Antibody titer against NDV, IDV, and SRBC by 4, 8, 12 and TAC by 12, 16 and 20% of dried apple pomace significantly increased. The villous height by 4, 8, 12 and crypt depth by 12, 16 and 20% dried apple pomace significantly and insignificantly decreased, respectively.
Conclusion The results suggested that the incremental levels of dried apple pomace deteriorate growth performance, modified antibody titer production, total antioxidant capacity and blood parameters of broilers.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Effect of active and passive aeration on composting of household biodegradable wastes: a decentralized approachVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Effect of active and passive aeration on composting of household biodegradable wastes: a decentralized approach10.1007/s40093-019-00306-7ENPrashantP. BhaveCivil and Environmental Engineering Department, V.J. Technological Institute, H.R. Mahajani Road, Matunga, Mumbai, 400 019, IndiaBhargaviN. KulkarniCivil and Environmental Engineering Department, V.J. Technological Institute, H.R. Mahajani Road, Matunga, Mumbai, 400 019, IndiaJournal Article20240118Purpose Present work aims at studying the influence of active (using external aerator) and passive (natural) aeration on composting of household biodegradable wastes.
Methods To study the suitability of these reactors to household conditions, continuous loading was carried out for a period of 60 days. Both the reactors were loaded with cooked as well as raw vegetable and fruit waste. Physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, C/N ratio, moisture content, total organic content, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen and seed-germination parameters such as Germination Index (GI) and Root Length Index (RLI) of the mulch were analyzed at different stages of the composting process.
Results Results confirmed that, although both types of aeration seem to have performed well under continuous loading, the maturation period required for actively aerated reactor was 37.30% lesser than that of naturally aerated reactor.
Conclusion Active aeration found to be more suitable to household conditions as odor and fly nuisance was relatively less.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Investigations on effectiveness of wheat and rice straw mulches on moisture retention in potato crop ( Solanum tuberosum L.)Volume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Investigations on effectiveness of wheat and rice straw mulches on moisture retention in potato crop ( Solanum tuberosum L.)10.1007/s40093-019-00307-6ENLALITGOELCivil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh – 177005, India0000-0001-6604-3431VijayShankarCivil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh – 177005, IndiaR.K. SharmaCivil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, IndiaJournal Article20240118Purpose Mulching is a practice recommended for soil moisture conservation in potato. The wheat straw and rice straw obtained as major crop residues were used as mulching materials to compare their effectiveness for soil moisture retention in potato crop.
Methods The field experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design replicated thrice with three treatments viz. plots incorporated with wheat straw mulch, rice straw mulch at the rate of 10 tons per hectare each and no mulch serving as control. The soil moisture was determined using a soil moisture probe and data were recorded daily at 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm soil depths. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to investigate moisture retention characteristics of the mulch materials.
Results Soil moisture retention varied as wheat straw mulch>rice straw mulch>no mulch at 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm soil depths, respectively. Highest moisture retention in wheat straw mulch at 10 cm depth is attributed to better moisture absorption ability of wheat straw in comparison to rice straw. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope images indicated the presence of smaller sized micro tubes in wheat straw than rice straw, which resulted in more water retention, thereby substantiating the findings of the study.
Conclusion Wheat straw mulch is more effective than rice straw mulch for shallow rooted crops like potato, due to better moisture absorption and retention in upper soil layer.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Effect of different initial C/N ratio of cow manure and straw on microbial quality of compostVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Effect of different initial C/N ratio of cow manure and straw on microbial quality of compost10.1007/s40093-019-00308-5ENM.A. Macias-CorralINIFAP, Centro Experimental La Laguna, José Santos Valdez 1200 Poniente, Centro, C.P. 27440, Matamoros, Coahuila, MexicoJ.A. Cueto-WongFacultad de Medicina Unidad Torreón, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Calle Gregorio A. García No. 198, Centro, C.P. 27000, Torreón, Coahuila, MexicoJ.Morán-MartínezCátedras CONACYT. Departamento de Ingeniería Sustentable, CIMAV, Calle CIMAV No. 110, Ejido Arroyo Seco, C.P. 34147, Durango, Durango, MexicoEffectof different initial C/N ratio of cow manure and straw on microbial quality of compostPurpose The effect of different initial carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios on the prevalence of Salmonella spp., fecal coliforms and helminth eggs over composts produced from several mixtures of maize straw (S) and dairy manure (M) was investigated.
Method Four C/N ratios (21, 22, 27, and 38) were evaluated, including one with manure only (C/N 21). The composting process was performed under field conditions in northern Mexico.
Results The process lasted 51 days; Salmonella spp. was reduced 1–2 log (> 94%) in most treatments, except for the C/N ratio of 27 which achieved < 1 log reduction (about 35%). Fecal coliforms elimination was 3–4 log (> 99%) in all treatments while helminth eggs achieved < 1 log (72–87%, depending on treatment). In this study, the mixture with initial C/N ratio of 22 (25% S + 75% M), which had the lowest amount of straw, resulted in the highest elimination of Salmonella spp., fecal coliforms, and helminth eggs. This mix complied with current Mexican sanitary regulations for compost use. The composts produced from the other C/N ratios complied only with the limits for one or two of the microorganisms that were analyzed.
Conclusion The initial C/N ratios in compost from straw and manure influences microbial reduction. The final C/N of the mixes ranged from 14 to 16, indicative of stable compost. Compared to fecal coliforms, Salmonella spp. and helminth eggs were more resilient.Journal Article20240118Purpose The effect of different initial carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios on the prevalence of Salmonella spp., fecal coliforms and helminth eggs over composts produced from several mixtures of maize straw (S) and dairy manure (M) was investigated.
Method Four C/N ratios (21, 22, 27, and 38) were evaluated, including one with manure only (C/N 21). The composting process was performed under field conditions in northern Mexico.
Results The process lasted 51 days; Salmonella spp. was reduced 1–2 log (> 94%) in most treatments, except for the C/N ratio of 27 which achieved < 1 log reduction (about 35%). Fecal coliforms elimination was 3–4 log (> 99%) in all treatments while helminth eggs achieved < 1 log (72–87%, depending on treatment). In this study, the mixture with initial C/N ratio of 22 (25% S + 75% M), which had the lowest amount of straw, resulted in the highest elimination of Salmonella spp., fecal coliforms, and helminth eggs. This mix complied with current Mexican sanitary regulations for compost use. The composts produced from the other C/N ratios complied only with the limits for one or two of the microorganisms that were analyzed.
Conclusion The initial C/N ratios in compost from straw and manure influences microbial reduction. The final C/N of the mixes ranged from 14 to 16, indicative of stable compost. Compared to fecal coliforms, Salmonella spp. and helminth eggs were more resilient.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Compost and soil moisture effects on seasonal carbon and nitrogen dynamics, greenhouse gas fluxes and global warming potential of semi‑arid soilsVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Compost and soil moisture effects on seasonal carbon and nitrogen dynamics, greenhouse gas fluxes and global warming potential of semi‑arid soils10.1007/s40093-019-00309-4ENWillianSilva MeloWestern Paraná State University, Department of Energy Engineering in Agriculture, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazilhttps://orcid.org/00Compostand soil moisture effects on seasonal carbon and nitrogen dynamics, greenhouse gas fluxes and global warming potential of semi‑arid soilsPurpose An 8-week incubation study was conducted to monitor soil inorganic nitrogen (N), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), greenhouse gases (GHG) [CO2, N2O and CH4] and cumulative global warming potential (GWP) in dryland soil.
Method Soil was amended with variable rates of compost (zero, 15, 30 and 45 dry Mg ha−1) and soil moistures [5% (dry), 7% (normal) and 14% (wet) water filled pore space (WFPS)] and experienced biweekly temperature transitions from 5 °C (late winter) to 10 °C (early spring) to 15 °C (late spring) to 25 °C (early summer).
Results The addition of 30 and 45 Mg ha−1 compost enhanced N mineralization with 13% more soil inorganic N (7.49 and 7.72 µg Ng−1 day−1, respectively) during early summer compared with lower compost rates. Normal and wet soils had 35% more DOC in the late spring (an average of 34 µg g−1 day−1) compared to the dry WFPS, but transitioning from late spring to early summer, DOC at all soil WFPS levels increased. Highest rates of compost were not significant sources of GHG with normal soil WFPS, compared with lower compost rates. Carbon dioxide emissions increased by 59 and 15%, respectively, as soil WFPS increased from dry to normal and normal to wet. Soils with normal WFPS were the most effective CH4 sink.
Conclusion One-time application of high compost rates to dryland soils leads to enhanced N and C mineralization under normal soil moisture and warmer temperature of the summer but will not pose significant global warming dangers to the environment through GHG emissions since soils are rarely wet.Compostand soil moisture effects on seasonal carbon and nitrogen dynamics, greenhouse gas fluxes and global warming potential of semi‑arid soilsPurpose An 8-week incubation study was conducted to monitor soil inorganic nitrogen (N), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), greenhouse gases (GHG) [CO2, N2O and CH4] and cumulative global warming potential (GWP) in dryland soil.
Method Soil was amended with variable rates of compost (zero, 15, 30 and 45 dry Mg ha−1) and soil moistures [5% (dry), 7% (normal) and 14% (wet) water filled pore space (WFPS)] and experienced biweekly temperature transitions from 5 °C (late winter) to 10 °C (early spring) to 15 °C (late spring) to 25 °C (early summer).
Results The addition of 30 and 45 Mg ha−1 compost enhanced N mineralization with 13% more soil inorganic N (7.49 and 7.72 µg Ng−1 day−1, respectively) during early summer compared with lower compost rates. Normal and wet soils had 35% more DOC in the late spring (an average of 34 µg g−1 day−1) compared to the dry WFPS, but transitioning from late spring to early summer, DOC at all soil WFPS levels increased. Highest rates of compost were not significant sources of GHG with normal soil WFPS, compared with lower compost rates. Carbon dioxide emissions increased by 59 and 15%, respectively, as soil WFPS increased from dry to normal and normal to wet. Soils with normal WFPS were the most effective CH4 sink.
Conclusion One-time application of high compost rates to dryland soils leads to enhanced N and C mineralization under normal soil moisture and warmer temperature of the summer but will not pose significant global warming dangers to the environment through GHG emissions since soils are rarely wet.Journal Article20240118Purpose An 8-week incubation study was conducted to monitor soil inorganic nitrogen (N), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), greenhouse gases (GHG) [CO2, N2O and CH4] and cumulative global warming potential (GWP) in dryland soil.
Method Soil was amended with variable rates of compost (zero, 15, 30 and 45 dry Mg ha−1) and soil moistures [5% (dry), 7% (normal) and 14% (wet) water filled pore space (WFPS)] and experienced biweekly temperature transitions from 5 °C (late winter) to 10 °C (early spring) to 15 °C (late spring) to 25 °C (early summer).
Results The addition of 30 and 45 Mg ha−1 compost enhanced N mineralization with 13% more soil inorganic N (7.49 and 7.72 µg Ng−1 day−1, respectively) during early summer compared with lower compost rates. Normal and wet soils had 35% more DOC in the late spring (an average of 34 µg g−1 day−1) compared to the dry WFPS, but transitioning from late spring to early summer, DOC at all soil WFPS levels increased. Highest rates of compost were not significant sources of GHG with normal soil WFPS, compared with lower compost rates. Carbon dioxide emissions increased by 59 and 15%, respectively, as soil WFPS increased from dry to normal and normal to wet. Soils with normal WFPS were the most effective CH4 sink.
Conclusion One-time application of high compost rates to dryland soils leads to enhanced N and C mineralization under normal soil moisture and warmer temperature of the summer but will not pose significant global warming dangers to the environment through GHG emissions since soils are rarely wet.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Assessing the quality of sewage sludge as an agricultural soil amendment in Mediterranean habitatsVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Assessing the quality of sewage sludge as an agricultural soil amendment in Mediterranean habitats10.1007/s40093-019-00310-xENDannyMiled RomanosDepartment of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), P.O. Box 446 Jounieh, Lebanon0000-0002-6819-998XNabilNemerLebanese Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 90-1965, Fanar, Lebanon0000-0002-7105-0449YaraKhairallahSoil, Fertilizers and Plants Unit, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Fanar, Lebanon0000-0002-9581-0780MarieThérèse Abi SaabClimate and Water Unit, Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Fanar, LebanonJournal Article20240118Purpose Municipal sewage sludge generated from three operational wastewater treatment plants, located in the Bekaa valley of Lebanon, was assessed for its potential use as agricultural soil amendment.
Method Sludge samples were taken from three treatment plants located in the villages of Iaat, Ablah and Joub Jannine during the summer season of 2018, from June to September, on a monthly basis. The evaluation was based on characterizing the physicochemical parameters such as the metal content, the pathogenic microorganisms (Salmonella, E.Coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Helminth eggs, Ascaris, Acinetobacter) and the phytotoxicity–stability indicators of the sludge samples.
Results The obtained results were compared to the Lebanese guidelines for sludge reuse in agriculture. For the physicochemical analysis, all the samples showed a possibility to be used in agriculture due to the high content of minerals and organic matter. Considering the metal content of sludge, Iaat and Ablah sludge were classified as Class A according to the Lebanese guidelines; however, sludge from Joub Janine was classified as B due to its high content of zinc that exceeded the limit of 700 ppm. Helminth eggs and Salmonella were absent in the sludge samples. Pathogenic organisms, mainly E. coli, were detected in Iaat dry sludge, Staphylococcus aureus was present in Joub Jannine sludge and Acinetobacter in Ablah station (>100 CFU/100 g).
Conclusion It is recommended to submit the sludge which did not meet the required criteria, for further treatments, particularly the composting process to reduce the metal content and pathogenic microorganisms for a safer reuse in agriculture.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Green waste composting under GORE(R ) cover membrane at industrial scale: physico‑chemical properties and spectroscopic assessmentVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Green waste composting under GORE(R ) cover membrane at industrial scale: physico‑chemical properties and spectroscopic assessment10.1007/s40093-019-00311-wENMutazAl-AlawiDepartment of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Szent Istvan University, Pater Karoly utca 1, Godollo, 2100, Hungary0000-0002-1262-9354TamasSzegiDepartment of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Szent Istvan University, Pater Karoly utca 1, Godollo, 2100, HungaryLoubnaEl FelsDepartment of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Szent Istvan University, Pater Karoly utca 1, Godollo, 2100, HungaryMohamedHafidiCadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Agrosciences and Environment Marrakech, Morocco
AgroBioSciences (AgBS), University Mohamed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Benguerir, MoroccoGreenwaste composting under GORE(R ) cover membrane at industrial scale: physico‑chemical properties and spectroscopic assessmentPurpose Green waste (GW) composting is of increasing importance to the waste management industry in addition being a useful agricultural product that is rich in nutrient and organic matter (OM). The combination of aerated static windrow with GORE(R) cover membrane and an air-floor aeration system is a relatively new industrial-scale composting technology that has not been previously explored. Therefore, the aim of this research study was to evaluate the effectiveness of composting GW using this new technology.
Method The composting process was monitored through changes in the physico-chemical properties, E4/6, and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra.
Results Disinfection requirements were met by holding composting temperature steady in the thermophilic range for 24 days. The technology greatly improved composting conditions, and final compost product in terms of temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), C/N ratio, OM degradation, nitrogen transformation, humification, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The FTIR spectra revealed that there was enrichment of aromatic compounds and reduction in aliphatic structures and easily assimilated peptide components by microorganisms, indicating the humification degree increased, the final compost stabilized, and confirming the efficiency of composting. Consequently, the new technology produced a mature compost in only 30 days compared with the standard period of 90–270 days for traditional composting.
Conclusion Notably, the new technology may be a sustainable alternative for GW management that converts waste into compost and could be beneficial for agricultural uses.Greenwaste composting under GORE(R ) cover membrane at industrial scale: physico‑chemical properties and spectroscopic assessmentPurpose Green waste (GW) composting is of increasing importance to the waste management industry in addition being a useful agricultural product that is rich in nutrient and organic matter (OM). The combination of aerated static windrow with GORE(R) cover membrane and an air-floor aeration system is a relatively new industrial-scale composting technology that has not been previously explored. Therefore, the aim of this research study was to evaluate the effectiveness of composting GW using this new technology.
Method The composting process was monitored through changes in the physico-chemical properties, E4/6, and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra.
Results Disinfection requirements were met by holding composting temperature steady in the thermophilic range for 24 days. The technology greatly improved composting conditions, and final compost product in terms of temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), C/N ratio, OM degradation, nitrogen transformation, humification, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The FTIR spectra revealed that there was enrichment of aromatic compounds and reduction in aliphatic structures and easily assimilated peptide components by microorganisms, indicating the humification degree increased, the final compost stabilized, and confirming the efficiency of composting. Consequently, the new technology produced a mature compost in only 30 days compared with the standard period of 90–270 days for traditional composting.
Conclusion Notably, the new technology may be a sustainable alternative for GW management that converts waste into compost and could be beneficial for agricultural uses.Journal Article20240118Purpose Green waste (GW) composting is of increasing importance to the waste management industry in addition being a useful agricultural product that is rich in nutrient and organic matter (OM). The combination of aerated static windrow with GORE(R) cover membrane and an air-floor aeration system is a relatively new industrial-scale composting technology that has not been previously explored. Therefore, the aim of this research study was to evaluate the effectiveness of composting GW using this new technology.
Method The composting process was monitored through changes in the physico-chemical properties, E4/6, and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra.
Results Disinfection requirements were met by holding composting temperature steady in the thermophilic range for 24 days. The technology greatly improved composting conditions, and final compost product in terms of temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), C/N ratio, OM degradation, nitrogen transformation, humification, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The FTIR spectra revealed that there was enrichment of aromatic compounds and reduction in aliphatic structures and easily assimilated peptide components by microorganisms, indicating the humification degree increased, the final compost stabilized, and confirming the efficiency of composting. Consequently, the new technology produced a mature compost in only 30 days compared with the standard period of 90–270 days for traditional composting.
Conclusion Notably, the new technology may be a sustainable alternative for GW management that converts waste into compost and could be beneficial for agricultural uses.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Assessment of crop growth, soil properties and crop yield in an upland acidic soil with inorganic fertilizer blended with organic amendments in summer rice cropping seasonsVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Assessment of crop growth, soil properties and crop yield in an upland acidic soil with inorganic fertilizer blended with organic amendments in summer rice cropping seasons10.1007/s40093-019-0252-zENMadhumitaGhoshDepartment of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, IndiaAshalataDeviDepartment of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, IndiaJournal Article20240118Purpose Intensification of rice cultivation to meet the growing demand has imbalanced the nitrogen level in soil. Amendments of inorganic fertilizers increase yield, but at the same time affects the environment. Hence, different amendments are to be investigated which acting sustainably on soil and the environment upholds yield gains.
Method A study was carried out on acidic sandy loam soil in the irrigated summer seasons of the years of 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 to examine the effects of various amendments on rice growth, soil health and yield. The applied amendments were inorganic fertilizer blended with crop residues, farm yard manure and compost made of daily household green wastes.
Results The highest yield of 53.33 ± 2.09 Q/ha was recorded with application of inorganic fertilizer blended with compost and the lowest yield of 32.71 ± 3.09 Q/ha without amendment. Strong positive correlations were found between soil moisture and volumetric water content (0.982 at p < 0.001), manganese and copper (0.900 at p < 0.001), whereas available phosphorus and manganese showed a strong negative correlation (− 0.901 at p < 0.001). Performing stepwise regression analysis, yield was found affected mostly by soil moisture and total carbon out of evaluated 17 soil traits.
Conclusion The inorganic fertilization blended with the compost increased rice yield by 13.61% over inorganic fertilizer but a higher yield associated with compost demoted total nitrogen contents in soil, leading to lower soil nitrogen fertility and providing a negative feedback to sustainable agriculture. More research is required on compost development and application in different rice agroecosystems.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Bioconversion of agricultural waste and its efficient utilization in the hilly ecosystem of Northeast IndiaVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Bioconversion of agricultural waste and its efficient utilization in the hilly ecosystem of Northeast India10.1007/s40093-019-0253-yEND.J. RajkhowaDivision of Natural Resource Management, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793 103, IndiaA.K. SarmaDivision of Natural Resource Management, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793 103, IndiaP.N. BhattacharyyaMycology and Microbiology Department, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Association, Jorhat, Assam, 785 008, IndiaK.MahantaDepartment of Agronomy, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785 013, IndiaJournal Article20240118Purpose A suitable strategy for bioconversion of agricultural waste into quality organic manure and its efficient utilization was assessed in the hilly ecosystem of Northeast India.
Method Pits were dug in terrace lands and filled with chopped plant biomass (rice straw, maize stover and mixed weed biomass) with alternate layers of cow dung at 3:2 ratio. The treatment consisting of control (plant biomass+cow dung), plant biomass+cow dung+earthworm (Eisenia fetida) (with or without poly lining in the pit) and plant biomass +cow dung+earthworm+cellulose-degrading microorganism (Pseudomonas sp.) (with or without poly lining in the pit) was used for the bioconversion process.
Results Combined inoculation of E. fetida and Pseudomonas sp. with poly lining in the pit significantly enhanced compost recovery (29.8%), cellulase activity (55.2%) and the C:N ratio (1.9%) as compared to control. Significant achievement in yield components and nutrient status in soil was observed after combined application of compost with 50% recommended dose of fertilizer.
Conclusion The current investigation established dual inoculation effect of E. fetida and Pseudomonas sp. with poly lining in the pit as a suitable technology for faster decomposition and effective bioconversion of agricultural waste into quality organic manure. A treatment imposed with such organic manure will be supportive in enhancing crop production as well as improving soil health.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Influence of host plant and rice straw as substrate on mass multiplication of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for large‑scale agricultural applicationVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Influence of host plant and rice straw as substrate on mass multiplication of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for large‑scale agricultural application10.1007/s40093-019-0255-9ENNishaKadianDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, IndiaKuldeepYadavDepartment of Botany, Gandhi Memorial National College, Ambala Cantt, IndiaEshaJangraDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, IndiaAshokAggarwalDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, IndiaJournal Article20240118Purpose Rice straw is a waste product from the harvesting of Oryza sativa L. It is recurrently burned resulting in producing overheating, soil degradation, and air and water pollution.
Method A pot experiment was designed under polyhouse conditions to evaluate the effects of rice straw as a substrate with Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Hordeum vulgare L. and Triticum aestivum L. as diferent host on mass multiplication of Glomus mosseae.
Results AM fungi multiplication was greatly influenced by the presence, concentration (0, 25, 50 or100 g/pot) and type of substrates. Soil amendment with compost rice straw proved more suitable for AM fungal multiplication over dry substrate. Sorghum bicolor acts as a suitable host and produced the most inoculum followed by Triticum aestivum.
Conclusion Assessment of the effects of substrates and hosts on the multiplication of pure culture of AM Fungi is an important prerequisite condition for large-scale agricultural application and exploration as biofertilizers.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Effect of calcium chloride extracted from eggshell in maintaining quality of selected fresh‑cut fruitsVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Effect of calcium chloride extracted from eggshell in maintaining quality of selected fresh‑cut fruits10.1007/s40093-019-0260-zENRohitJ. ThakurDepartment of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D Y Patil University, Navi Mumbai, IndiaHamadShaikhDepartment of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D Y Patil University, Navi Mumbai, IndiaYogeshGatDepartment of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, IndiaRojiB. WaghmareDepartment of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D Y Patil University, Navi Mumbai, IndiaJournal Article20240118Purpose A study was conducted to extract calcium chloride from eggshell and also to check the effect of commercially available and extracted calcium chloride on quality characteristics of fresh-cut fruits.
Method Eggshells were mixed with a hydrochloric acid solution and stirred occasionally until no gas bubbles were observed (3 h). The mixture was centrifuged at 3500 rpm for10 min at 4 °C, the supernatant was separated and heated to 110–115 °C until dried, this yielded calcium chloride crystals or eggshell calcium chloride. The fresh-cut fruit cubes were separately dipped in a solution of 2% calcium chloride extracted from egg shell and 2% commercially available for 5 min. The cubes are packed in polypropylene plastic bags and stored at 5 °C. Analyses were done at 5-day intervals for a time period of 25 days. The microbial count, physical (firmness, weight loss and color), chemical (pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, DPPH, reducing sugar, total phenolic content, and ascorbic acid content), and sensory analysis were determined at regular interval throughout the storage period.
Results Calcium chloride extracted from egg shell was capable to maintain shelf-life for 15 days, whereas commercial calcium chloride was able to maintain shelf-life for 20 days. This shows calcium treated fresh-cut fruits have an improved and enhanced shelf-life than control (non-treated samples).
Conclusion The study proved that dipping fresh cut fruits in CaCl2 solution (extracted from eggshell and commercially available) extend its shelf-life for 15 days.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)An approach to produce biochar from coffee residue for fuel and soil amendment purposeVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118An approach to produce biochar from coffee residue for fuel and soil amendment purpose10.1007/s40093-019-0267-5ENNaruephatTangmankongworakoonSrinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, ThailandJournal Article20240118Purpose This research aimed to produce biochar from coffee residues (CR) as well as to develop the guidelines for using it as a fuel and a soil amendment.
Method Initial properties of coffee residues have been characterized before experimenting with a biomass kiln, designed for use in biochar production. By carbonization method, using biomass kiln at the temperature of 350–550 °C with 45 min of the reaction time.
Results It was found that the biochar made from coffee residue (BCR) possessed a high heating value and fixed carbon (7360 cal/g and 77.77%) whereas it produced such a low amount of ash, moisture and volatile matter (6.18, 4.16 and 11.89%, respectively). The atomic ratio of H/C (0.71) and O/C (0.28) ratios of BCR were shown that were in the range of coal. Moreover, BCR showed adsorption of iodine (612.28). According to the analysis of the chemical properties of BCR, its pH, EC, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, OM and C/N ratio were 9.9, 1.66 dS/m, 3.1, 1, 1.7, 19.5 and 28.9%, respectively.
Conclusion From the results of this study, it can be concluded that BCR could be potentially used not only as an efficient source of the fuel production but also suitable material for soil amendment due to its direct contribution in nutrient absorption along with retardation of nutrient leaching, thereby helping improve the efficacy of nutrient use and increase crop yields.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Biodegradation by composting of municipal organic solid waste into organic fertilizer using the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvaeVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Biodegradation by composting of municipal organic solid waste into organic fertilizer using the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae10.1007/s40093-019-0268-4END.SarpongDepartment of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, GhanaS.Oduro-KwartengDepartment of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, GhanaS.F. GyasiDepartment of Basic and Applied Biology, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, GhanaR.BuamahDepartment of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, GhanaE.DonkorDepartment of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, GhanaE.AwuahDepartment of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, GhanaM.K. BaahAMP Logistics, Tema, GhanaJournal Article20240118Purpose The objectives of this study were to assess the black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) composting potential and to analyze the quality of organic fertilizer produced for agricultural purposes.
Method The waste biodegradation was determined by varying waste feed treatment (2, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, to 4 kg) and control treatment of (2 kg) of heterogeneous mixture of municipal organic solid waste from market, restaurant and households. Each of the setups received equal number of viable larvae (i.e. 2000) which were 5–6 days old. To analyze the nutrient concentration of the compost residues with BSFL, the substrate and final compost were evaluated based on the levels of NPK as well as the C:N ratio. To evaluate the toxic levels of the final compost in terms of heavy metals, the presence and levels of As, Cd, Fe, Pb and Ni were investigated.
Results The analysis showed that there was high percentage increase of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels, i.e. 41.2% (SD ± 0.71%), 32.4% (SE ± 0.2%) and 77.1% (SE ± 0.19%), respectively. It was found that the larvae degraded more than half of the total substrate within 2 weeks. The study showed a decrease in heavy metal concentrations after larvae composting.
Conclusion The study revealed that the concentration of NPK increased significantly among the treatment groups. The study further revealed that some of the heavy metals under investigation had reduced to an acceptable level according to the standards of both local and international regulatory bodies.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Ryegrass straw and wood shavings as bulking agents on swine slurry co‑composting: a case study in Southern BrazilVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Ryegrass straw and wood shavings as bulking agents on swine slurry co‑composting: a case study in Southern Brazil10.1007/s40093-019-0269-3ENLuanaGoulart SardáFederal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, BrazilMarthaMayumi HigarashiEmbrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, BrazilPauloArmando Victória De OliveiraEmbrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, BrazilJucineiJosé CominFederal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, BrazilJournal Article20240118Purpose Adoption of co-composting to treat swine slurry can reduce risks of pollution and produce organic fertilizer. Wood shavings and sawdust are the usual bulking agents used in such treatments, however planted forest is a feedstock source of slow renewability rate. Thus, the prospection of alternative biomass feedstock in regions of high animal density, may enable the pig slurry co-composting. Therefore, this manuscript describes a case study carried in Southern Brazil, region that houses 56% of Country’s swine herd, and where ryegrass is a common winter cover crop.
Method A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of increasing shares of ryegrass straw in the bulking agent of swine slurry co-composting, as follow: wood shaving (W), ryegrass straw (S) and blends (W/S=50/50 and 30/70). Composting evolution was monitored during 85 days by measuring daily the temperature and emissions of CO2, CH4 and NH3, afterwards at 100th day the resulting composts were characterized.
Results The increase in straw shares, elevated temperature peaks (>60° C), accelerated the biomass stabilization from >85 to 65 days, and produced fertilizers with higher nutrient content due to its higher biodegradability, though NH3-N emission increased up to10%. The maintenance of a share of wood shavings can mitigate that emission, besides improve the stability of pile temperature and decrease leaching.
Conclusion Although ryegrass straw can total or partially substitute wood shavings in swine slurry co-composting, substrates blends were more promising. Further studies approaching management adjusts are required to prevent increasing the emission of NH3-N and leaching.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Assessment of physicochemical changes during composting rice straw with chicken and donkey manureVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Assessment of physicochemical changes during composting rice straw with chicken and donkey manure10.1007/s40093-019-0270-xENAnncarolW. KaranjaDepartment of Microbiology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, KenyaEzekielM. NjeruDepartment of Microbiology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, KenyaJohnM. MaingiDepartment of Microbiology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, KenyaJournal Article20240118Purpose Traditional methods of composting are limited in timely production of good-quality compost due to recalcitrant nature of materials of plant origin. This study focused on evaluating the use chicken and donkey manure as starter cultures to biostimulate bioconversion of rice straw into bioorganic fertilizer. Use of starter cultures would enhance composting as a strategy for rice straw management to enhance soil fertilization and reduce environmental pollution.
Method In this study, chicken manure and donkey manure were used as starter cultures to enhance bioconversion of recalcitrant and abundant rice straw in Mwea, the main rice-producing area in Kenya. Treatments of the study included rice straw co-composted with chicken manure (T1), rice straw co-composted with donkey manure (T2) and a control (T0) consisting of un-treated rice straw. Temperature, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were monitored throughout the composting period. Resultant compost types were characterized in respect to their macro-nutrient concentrations, cation exchange capacity, pH and heavy metal content.
Results Levels of temperature, pH and EC among the treatments of the study revealed significant differences at 5% level of confidence using Tukey’s test. The three resultant compost types obtained were also physicochemically different as revealed by analysis of variance of cation exchange capacity, phosphorus, nitrogen and carbon content.
Conclusion Results indicated that use of chicken and donkey manure significantly improved the composting process and the quality of resultant compost.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Effects of poultry manure on soil infiltration, organic matter contents and maize performance on two contrasting degraded alfisols in southwestern NigeriaVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Effects of poultry manure on soil infiltration, organic matter contents and maize performance on two contrasting degraded alfisols in southwestern Nigeria10.1007/s40093-019-0273-7ENAdebayo.J. AdeyemoDepartment of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, NigeriaOmowunmiO. AkingbolaDepartment of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, NigeriaStephenO. OjeniyiDepartment of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, NigeriaJournal Article20240118Purpose This research work described the effect of organic waste (poultry manure) on soil cumulative infiltration rate (CIR), soil organic matter (SOM), and maize performance on two contrasting alfisols of southwestern Nigeria.
Method Six treatments of poultry manure were applied in split at 0 Mg/ha, 2 Mg/ha, 4 Mg/ha, 6 Mg/ha, 8 Mg/ha, and 10 Mg/ha, in replicate under a completely randomized design to clay loam (CL) and sandy clay loam (SCL) soils, at 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after the initial application.
Results The results showed significant increases (P < 0.05) in CIR, SOM, and maize performance compared to the control in both soils. Poultry manure at 10 Mg/ha recorded the highest SOM which was significantly (P < 0.05) different from other application rates in both soils. The mean values for SOM in SCL were between 0.67 and 3.75% for 0 Mg/ha and 10 Mg/ha, while the mean values recorded for CL were between 0.80 and 4.35% at 0 Mg/ha and 10 Mg/ha. Poultry manure reduced CIR in the SCL, but improved CIR with increasing rates on CL. Poultry manure at 4–10 Mg/ha increased the maize shoot biomass significantly (P < 0.05). However, the application rate of 6 Mg/ha manure recorded the highest fresh shoot biomass, while 8 Mg/ha increased dry shoot biomass in both soils.
Conclusion This study indicated that poultry manure applied at 10 Mg/ha gave the best results in improving CIR, SOM, and maize performance on different soil types.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Enhancing growth and yield of crops with nutrient‑enriched organic fertilizer at wet and dry seasons in ensuring climate‑smart agricultureVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Enhancing growth and yield of crops with nutrient‑enriched organic fertilizer at wet and dry seasons in ensuring climate‑smart agriculture10.1007/s40093-019-0274-6ENTaiwoB HammedDepartment of Community Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria0000-0003-0350-2551ElizabethO. OloruntobaDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, NigeriaG.R. E. E. AnaDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, NigeriaJournal Article20240118Purpose Rapid nutrient depletion in soils is one of the major problems that affect food production and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa. Studies have linked the growth of food crops with seasonal variation and differences in weather conditions. This study was conducted to assess the effects of various organic fertilizer formulations (OFFs) on the growth and yield of selected crops (Zea mays L.; Glycine max, TX 114 and Dioscorea rotundata Poir) during rainy and dry seasons to ensuring climate-smart agriculture.
Method The OFFs used were plant-based (PB), animal-based (AB), rock-based (RB), organic mixture (OM-mixture of PB, AB and RB), synthetic/chemical (SC) while ordinary compost without fortification served as control. Effects of OFFs on growth parameters (number of leaves, plant height, stem girth, leaf area, and crop yield) of maize, yam and soybeans were assessed in plot experiments across the two seasons.
Results The RB gave highest growth performances in maize and soybean plots at both seasons when applied at 2.5 t ha−1. It also improved yam growth when applied at 2.5 t ha−1 (rainy season) and 3.0 t ha−1 (dry season) more than any other fertilizer. The largest yield of maize in the dry season was obtained from plots with PB at 2.0 t ha−1. The AB at 2.0 t ha−1 gave the largest soybean yield in the rainy season.
Conclusion Organic fertilizers enriched especially with rock-based and plant-based materials have the potential to ameliorate the threat of climate change and seasonal variation to food security.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Performance of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) with rice husk biochar and Christmas Island Rock Phosphate applicationVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Performance of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) with rice husk biochar and Christmas Island Rock Phosphate application10.1007/s40093-019-0278-2ENMukhtarMusaDepartment of Crop Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Sokoto State, NigeriaAjitSinghSchool of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, MalaysiaJournal Article20240118Purpose Biochar application could be a sustainable way to enhance the nitrogen fixation in Bambara groundnut and other legumes. The research was conducted to study the effect of rice husk biochar and the Christmas Island Rock Phosphate application on the performance of Bambara groundnut in the study area.
Method Two levels of rice husk biochar (0 and10 t/ha) and four levels of Christmas Island Rock Phosphate (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P2O5/ha) were factorial combined to make a total of eight treatment combinations which were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Data were collected on nitrogen content and fixation of the crop.
Results Application of rice husk biochar increased the total mean of nitrogen content and N fixed by the crop from 120.0 and 90.9 kg/ha to 147.6 and 114.1 kg/ha, respectively. However, the effect of rock phosphate application on the nitrogen content and fixation of the crop was not observed.
Conclusion Rice husk biochar application at10 t/ha alone was sufficient for nitrogen content and fixation of the crop. This implies that farmers in the study area can apply rice husk biochar at10 t/ha to enhance the performance of the crop.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Foliar application of humic liquid extract from vermicompost improves garlic (Allium sativum L.) production and fruit qualityVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Foliar application of humic liquid extract from vermicompost improves garlic (Allium sativum L.) production and fruit quality10.1007/s40093-019-0279-1END.M. BalmoriDepartment of Chemistry, Institute of Agronomy, Agrarian University of Havana (UNAH), Autopista Nacional km 231/2, San José de Las Lajas, Mayabeque, CubaC.Y. A. DomínguezDepartment of Chemistry, Institute of Agronomy, Agrarian University of Havana (UNAH), Autopista Nacional km 231/2, San José de Las Lajas, Mayabeque, CubaC.R. CarrerasDepartment of Chemistry, Institute of Agronomy, Agrarian University of Havana (UNAH), Autopista Nacional km 231/2, San José de Las Lajas, Mayabeque, CubaS.M. RebatosDepartment of Chemistry, Institute of Agronomy, Agrarian University of Havana (UNAH), Autopista Nacional km 231/2, San José de Las Lajas, Mayabeque, CubaL.B. P. FaríasDepartment of Chemistry, Institute of Agronomy, Agrarian University of Havana (UNAH), Autopista Nacional km 231/2, San José de Las Lajas, Mayabeque, CubaF.G. IzquierdoDepartment of Chemistry, Institute of Agronomy, Agrarian University of Havana (UNAH), Autopista Nacional km 231/2, San José de Las Lajas, Mayabeque, CubaR.L. L. BerbaraDepartment of Soil, Instituto de Agronomy, Federal and Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465 km 7, CEP 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, BrazilAndrésCalderín GarcíaDepartment of Soil, Instituto de Agronomy, Federal and Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465 km 7, CEP 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, BrazilJournal Article20240118Purpose The beneficial effects of liquid humus applied to plants are well reported in the literature; however, studies of liquid humic application in the production and quality of garlic culture are practically nonexistent. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of foliar application of a liquid humic extract from vermicompost (HEVC) that is well characterized by solid-state 13C NMR on garlic production and fruit quality under field conditions.
Method After 45 days in the field, garlic plants received foliar applications of HEVC at three different dilutions: 1:40, 1:60 and 1:80 (v:v). Humic substances (HS) in HEVC were characterized by 13C NMR CP/MAS spectroscopy. At 125 days after planting, the plants were collected, and growth and production parameters were determined: quantity of garlic cloves, fresh and dry bulb, diameter of garlic cloves and bulb, as well as parameters of fruit quality including caliber, firmness, acidity, brix, pungency, carbohydrate and protein contents.
Results The structure of HS in HEVC is composed mainly of carbohydrates and peptides as well as lignin fragments, explaining the stimulus effects on plant metabolism. The foliar application of HEVC improves the productive, commercial and internal quality parameters of fruits when compared to the control treatment. The HEVC foliar application in 1:40 v:v ratio was the most promising treatment in terms of increases in fruit quality indices, promoting improvements in bulb caliber, numbers of garlic cloves and internal fruit content.
Conclusion The foliar application of HEVC benefits garlic production and fruit quality. The use of HEVC can be a sustainable alternative within the small-scale garlic phytotechnology package.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Impacts of different organic amendments on soil degradation and phytotoxicity of metribuzinVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Impacts of different organic amendments on soil degradation and phytotoxicity of metribuzin10.1007/s40093-019-0280-8ENMohammadMehdizadehDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranEbrahimIzadi-DarbandiDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranMohammadTaghi Naseri Pour YazdiDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranMehdiRastgooDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranBizhanMalaekeh-NikoueiNanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, IranHooriyehNassirliPharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20240118Purpose Persistence of herbicides in soil is a major concerning world issue due to their negative impacts on environment and human health. Laboratory and bioassay experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of municipal waste compost (MC) and sheep manure (SM) on metribuzin degradation and phytotoxicity of this herbicide.
Method In degradation studies, soil samples were mixed separately with amendments at a rate of 2.5% (w/w) and metribuzin at a concentration of 5 mg kg−1 soil was used for fortification of selected samples. A liquid extraction method was chosen and final extracts were analyzed by HPLC. In bioassay study, the phytotoxic effects of different concentrations of metribuzin (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1 mg kg−1 soil) on oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) were evaluated.
Results The results indicated 88.8% degradation of metribuzin in MC during 120-day period followed by SM recording 72.2%, compared to non-amended soil where 59.8% of metribuzin were removed. The half-life was 119.48 days in no amended soil as compared to 87.72 and103.43 days in MC and SM application, respectively. MC was the most efficient treatment to accelerate metribuzin dissipation from the soil. Bioassay results showed that metribuzin residues had a negative effect on root and shoot biomass of oilseed rape. However, the root parameter was more sensitive than the shoot.
Conclusion It could be concluded that application of organic amendments to agricultural soils is an eco-friendly strategy to improve soil conditions and non-target crop protection as well as the removal of herbicide residues from soil environment.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Effect of organic fertilizers rate on plant survival and mineral properties of Moringa oleifera under greenhouse conditionsVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Effect of organic fertilizers rate on plant survival and mineral properties of Moringa oleifera under greenhouse conditions10.1007/s40093-019-0282-6ENHaouvangLaba ChristopheInternational Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Yaounde, CameroonNgakouAlbertDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundéré, CameroonYemefackMartinInternational Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Yaounde, CameroonMbailaoMbaiguinamResearch Laboratory of Natural Substances, Faculty of Applied and Exact Sciences, University of Ndjamena, Ndjamena, ChadJournal Article20240118Purpose The nursery is the production of vigorous seedlings for field transplantation. Fertilization improves the quality of Moringa oleifera in the greenhouse. Thus, the effect of composts amendments on the survival rate and mineral composition of M. oleifera was studied.
Method A randomized complete block (RCB) design comprising fourteen treatments and twelve repetitions (pots referring to as repetitions), was led out in greenhouse. Varying compost receipts (0.1 kg, 0.2 kg, and 0.3 kg) were used and an increasing amount of a chemical fertilizer (NPK: 20:10:10) was added in some treatment at 25 days after sowing. Parameters such as germination rate, survival rate, biomass, and mineral composition of M. oleifera plants were assessed.
Results The germination rate was maximal (100%) in the combined treatment PM1 (0.8 kg of soil+0.1 kg). A considerable reduction of germination rate and high plantlet mortality were observed in treatments that received chemical fertilizer, although the mineral components’ uptake in young M. oleifera plants was considerably improved. The highest dry root biomass was obtained from the treatments MF1 (0.8 kg of soil+0.032 kg each of cow dung, goat, chicken manures+0.003 kg NPK) and CM1 (0.8 kg of soil+0.1 kg of cow dung compost), with, respectively, 0.62 g and 0.59 g per plant.
Conclusion All composts types used in this study have appeared as appropriate amendments to improve the M. oleifera production in nursery, through an increase of the vigour and mineral composition of this valuable plant.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)The potential of recycling wool residues as an amendment for enhancing the physical and hydraulic properties of a sandy loam soilVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118The potential of recycling wool residues as an amendment for enhancing the physical and hydraulic properties of a sandy loam soil10.1007/s40093-019-0283-5ENAhmedAbdallahDepartment of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, 59, Damanhour, EgyptFrancescaUgoliniCNR IBiMet, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biometeorology, Via G. Caproni 8, 50145, Florence, ItalySilviaBarontiCNR IBiMet, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biometeorology, Via G. Caproni 8, 50145, Florence, ItalyAnitaMaienzaCNR IBiMet, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biometeorology, Via G. Caproni 8, 50145, Florence, ItalyFrancescaCamilliCNR IBiMet, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biometeorology, Via G. Caproni 8, 50145, Florence, ItalyLauraBonoraCNR IBiMet, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biometeorology, Via G. Caproni 8, 50145, Florence, ItalyFrancescaMartelliCNR IBiMet, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biometeorology, Via G. Caproni 8, 50145, Florence, ItalyJacopoPrimicerioCNR IBiMet, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biometeorology, Via G. Caproni 8, 50145, Florence, ItalyFabrizioUngaroCNR IBiMet, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biometeorology, Via G. Caproni 8, 50145, Florence, ItalyJournal Article20240118Purpose Climate change and global food demand in coming decades urge effective actions for more efficient uses of water and soil resources. This paper reports the preliminary findings of a study assessing the potential of sheep scoured wool residues (SWRs) as soil amendments to enhance the physical and hydraulic properties of a sandy loam soil under rain conditions.
Method Two different SWRs were used: scoured residues (white wool, WW) and carbonized scoured residues (black wool, BW) at different SWRs/soil ratios (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%). Soil bulk density (BD), total porosity (TP), aggregates stability, aggregate size distribution, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and water retention properties were determined under rain conditions, in addition to rainwater balance (storage, percolation and runoff).
Results Both WW and BW, particularly at the high wool/soil ratio (2%), significantly reduced soil BD by 11.98% and 9.85%, respectively. Moreover, WW and BW increased TP by 16.45% and 13.57% and available water capacity by 6.5% and 18.1%, respectively. SWRs increased the formation of macro-aggregates and increased aggregate stability. The results of rainwater balance showed higher percolation percentages and less rainwater storage in the wool-treated soil.
Conclusion The increase in water percolation is in line with the increased total porosity and the higher saturated hydraulic conductivity of wool-treated soil. Despite the high capacity of absorbing water, SWRs affected the water movement of the soil more than its water retention.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)The use of industrial waste materials for alleviation of iron deficiency in sunflower and maizeVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118The use of industrial waste materials for alleviation of iron deficiency in sunflower and maize10.1007/s40093-019-0284-4ENBrigittaTóthInstitute of Nutrition, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Square 1, Debrecen, 4032, HungaryMakoenaJoyce MoloiDepartment of Plant Sciences, Main Campus, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, Republic of South AfricaJournal Article20240118Purpose The aim of this study was to prove that the Fe-containing by-products (compost, sewage and lime sludge) have potential influence on the correction of Fe deficiency in sunflower and maize.
Method The physiological parameters used were the dry matter (DM), the relative chlorophyll content, and the content of photosynthesis pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids).
Results The results showed that sewage sludge was effective even when applied at low concentration (2 gL−1) for both sunflower and maize plants. In maize, however, chlorophyll a was the only pigment induced after sewage sludge treatments in contrast to sunflower, which could be the reason for lower DM in maize. Compost could only be effective when applied at higher concentrations (4 gL−1) for sunflower because of its low-Fe content, further showing that maize plants require more Fe. Despite its high-Fe content, lime sludge could not be effective in alleviating Fe deficiency for both sunflower and maize plants because of its high pH, which makes Fe unavailable for uptake by the plants.
Conclusion Although the investigated by-products can be hazardous depending on their origin, their use as micro-element fertilizer can be a very economical way of utilization in the agricultural fields, which may limit the use of high quantities of expensive Fe-containing fertilizers. Among the three waste products, sewage sludge application proved to have a great potential of correcting Fe deficiency by inducing accumulation of the photosynthesis pigments, leading to high photosynthesis and eventually high DM.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)The role of chemical amendments on modulating ammonia loss and quality parameters of co‑composts from waste cocoa podsVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118The role of chemical amendments on modulating ammonia loss and quality parameters of co‑composts from waste cocoa pods10.1007/s40093-019-0285-3ENRokotamanaVitinaqailevuDepartment of Agriculture, The PNG University of Technology, Lae, Papua New GuineaB.K. Rajashekhar RaoDepartment of Agriculture, The PNG University of Technology, Lae, Papua New GuineaJournal Article20240118Purpose Nitrogen loss as ammonia (NH3) in a waste cocoa pod co-composting process was determined following the addition of three potential chemical amendments that could lower NH3 loss. Further, amended compost products were assessed for quality and possible phytotoxicity in a pot experiment.
Method Pod borer damaged cocoa pods were co-composted in lab-scale vessels under ambient conditions with double superphosphate, phosphoric acid, and gypsum at 2%, 5% and 1% of fresh weight, respectively. NH3 emitted during composting was trapped in standard H2SO4 and determined titrimetrically. Composting mixtures were sampled on days 0, 7, 56 and 90 to monitor pH, total C, total N, and C:N ratio. Mature co-composts were incorporated to the soil at 20 t ha−1 and growth response of Chinese cabbage plants (Brassica rapa chinensis) assessed for the phytotoxicity.
Results The chemical amendments were ineffective (p > 0.05) in preventing loss of NH3 but the quality of composting mixtures were significantly (p < 0.0001) improved. The manure compost generated had acceptable parameters (C, 31.2–31.9% and C:N ratio, 9–10:1) and were free from phytotoxicity for soil application as revealed by the response of Chinese cabbage crop.
Conclusion Chemical amendments used in the co-composting process mainly modulated pH without any detrimental effects on quality. The results also demonstrated that the NH3 loss is insignificant from the cocoa waste-composting process. Further studies are required with increased rates of acidifying amendments like phosphoric acid to further augment the quality of cocoa pod composts.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Effect of agro industrial wastes compost on soil health and onion yields improvements: Study at field conditionVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Effect of agro industrial wastes compost on soil health and onion yields improvements: Study at field condition10.1007/s40093-019-0286-2ENFeyisaGirma EranaCenter for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaTesfayeAlemu TenkegnaDepartment of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaSeyoumLeta AsfawCenter for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaJournal Article20240118Purpose Industries are generating numerous amount and types of organic wastes to the environment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of agro industrial wastes compost on soil physicochemical quality, soil microbial population, growth and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) under field condition.
Method The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized plot design at field condition. Allium cepa L. was grown using five different levels of agro industrial wastes compost, three different levels of inorganic fertilizers and three controls.
Results Compost amendment improved the soil pH, TOC, TKN, field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP), and available water content (AWC), cultivable bacterial count and fungi. But no significant effect was found on electrical conductivity (EC), available phosphorus (P) compared to the control. Exchangeable Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Cu increased while Pb, Cr, and Mn value showed no significant change with compost application. Field application of compost improved onion shoot numbers, shoot girth, and shoot length. Further, significant shoot weight and bulb weight were also obtained after compost treatment.
Conclusion After compost amendment significant improvement in soil fertility and onion yield was obtained. This can be recommended for small scale farmer’s food security improvement and combined with agro industrial wastes management.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Time‑dependent release of some plant nutrients from different organic amendments in a laboratory studyVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Time‑dependent release of some plant nutrients from different organic amendments in a laboratory study10.1007/s40093-019-0287-1ENAhanaDeyDepartment of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, IndiaPrakashChandra SrivastavaDepartment of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, IndiaSatyaPratap PachauriDepartment of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, IndiaArvindKumar ShuklaIndian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, IndiaJournal Article20240118Purpose Soil fertility management requires a precise assessment of nutrient release from organic amendments to decide the rates and frequency of application.
Method Time-dependent release of some macro- and micro-nutrients from farmyard manure, mushroom compost, poultry manure, vermi-compost, biogas slurry and biochar of Lantana sp. was studied during 120 days incubation through entrapment of released nutrients on ion exchange resins.
Results Highest total concentration of K, Ca, Mg and S was in farmyard manure, Fe and Mn in mushroom compost, P, Zn and Cu in biogas slurry and B in biochar. Farmyard manure had the highest C:N ratio (34.2), while other organic amendment had C:N ratio < 20. The highest release of P, Ca, Mg, Zn and Cu was recorded from biogas slurry, of K and S from farmyard manure, of B from poultry manure and of Fe and Mn from mushroom compost. Mean percentage of total nutrient released was 30.5% P, 71.8% K, 23.1% Ca, 24.4% Mg, 29.3% S, 47.2% Zn, 22.9% Cu, 38.6% Fe, 46.6% Mn, and 70.9% B. Nutrient release from different organic amendments conformed to zero-order kinetics. The percent of total released nutrient, release kinetic constants and half-life of nutrients was related to the properties of organic amendments.
Conclusion Based on the released amount of nutrients from different organic amendments, the best source seemed to be farmyard manure for S and K, mushroom compost for Fe and Mn, biogas slurry for P, Ca, Mg, Zn and Cu and poultry manure for B.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Impact of Eisenia fetida populations on bio‑conversion of paper mill solid wastesVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240118Impact of Eisenia fetida populations on bio‑conversion of paper mill solid wastes10.1007/s40093-019-0288-0ENDevjaniMohapatraDepartment of Chemistry, Fakir Mohan (Autonomous) College, Balasore, IndiaK.SahooDepartment of Chemistry, Fakir Mohan (Autonomous) College, Balasore, IndiaA.K. SannigrahiAdvanced Management Institute for Training and Achievement, Thane, IndiaJournal Article20240118Purpose Huge quantity of paper mill wastes are dumped at the outskirt of factory as unwanted materials. Vermicomposting is an eco-friendly technique for beneficial conversion of different biodegradable/organic wastes into useful organic manure utilizing earthworms. Solid wastes generated in paper mills contain appreciable quantity of organic matter. Attempt was made for bio-conversion of Emami paper mill wastes with different numbers of Eisenia fetida (5–30 earthworms/2 kg substrate) for studying its influence on vermi-conversing time and quality of prepared vermicompost.
Method Vermicomposting was carried out in trays following heap method and quality of final product was determined following both chemical analysis and bioassay on wheat seedlings.
Results Application of more earthworms up to 20 numbers per 2 kg substrate made bio-conversion quicker but further addition of earthworm, however, delayed the process as some earthworms came out of beds and died probably due to competition for food among earthworms inside beds. Ten earthworms per kg paper mill wastes–saw dust–cow dung mixture (1:0.5:0.5 weight wise) was found as optimum earthworm population for preparing quality vermicompost having more major and secondary plant nutrients. Bioassay of this manure on wheat seedlings also confirmed the analytical findings.
Conclusion It is confirmed that earthworm population in vermibed played vital role in faster decomposition of paper mill wastes and releasing of more nutrients, which ultimately helped in better growth of wheat seedlings. Successful demonstration of vermicomposting technique will encourage local farmers for beneficial utilization of paper mill wastes in their agriculture.International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA)Correction to: International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-019-0262-xVolume 8 (2019)Issue 4, December 2019- Supplements20240402Correction to: International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-019-0262-x10.1007/s40093-019-0290-6ENF.I. AchubaDepartment of Biochemistry, Delta State University,
Abraka, NigeriaM.N. OshiokpuDepartment of Biochemistry, Delta State University,
Abraka, NigeriaJournal Article20240402In the original publication of the article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-019-0262-x), Figure 1 was incorrectly published. The corrected Fig. 1 is given below.