International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA) Evaluation of a novel anaerobic co-digestion system for disposal of dead swine and manure: An important tool in animal production Volume 9 (2020) Issue 3, September 2020 2024 01 18 Evaluation of a novel anaerobic co-digestion system for disposal of dead swine and manure: An important tool in animal production 10.30486/ijrowa.2020.1886668.1016 EN Karen Bes Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC) Chapecó, SC, Brazil Maiara Cristiane Brisola Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC) Chapecó, SC, Brazil Regiane Boaretto Crecencio Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC) Chapecó, SC, Brazil Dinael Simão Bitner Department of Animal Science, UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil Angelica Frigo Department of Animal Science, UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil Luana Rampazzo Department of Animal Science, UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil Glaucia Amorim Faria Department of Statistics and Experimentation, FEIS-UNESP. Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil Evaluation of a novel anaerobic co-digestion system for disposal of dead swine and manure: An important tool in animal production Purpose The anaerobic digester for dead animals is the most eco-friendly and cost-effective way to dispose of this waste. The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal efficiency of organic matter and pathogenic microorganisms by an anaerobic co-digestion of whole dead animals and manure, both of swine origin. Methods Two test digesters coated with geomembrane were used. Samples were obtained from a private pig farm with 2000 sows in Southern Brazil from April to June of 2017. The analyses were performed in triplicate, at six treatment points and physicochemical and microbiological analyses were performed to evaluate the efficiency of the anaerobic co-digester system. Results We found the efficiency in the removal of chemical oxygen demand (87.88%), biological oxygen demand (83.57%) and total solids (75%), accorded with levels proposed in Resolution 430/2011 of the Brazilian National Environment Council. Furthermore, macro- and micronutrient values also accorded with the environmental parameters proposed by Brazilian legislation. Based on the total nitrogen (2222.00 mg L-1) and environmental critical phosphorus values (333.30 mg dm-³), a subsequent agronomic evaluation is suggested prior to the release of this effluent into the soil. The absence of Salmonella spp. and helminth eggs reinforced the notion of suitability of the system for the treatment of dead animals. Total coliform counts and E. coli counts were within the expected standards. Conclusion Treatment of dead animals and effluents using an anaerobic digestion process was efficient, suggesting that it could replace other methods such as composting and incineration. Evaluation of a novel anaerobic co-digestion system for disposal of dead swine and manure: An important tool in animal production Purpose The anaerobic digester for dead animals is the most eco-friendly and cost-effective way to dispose of this waste. The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal efficiency of organic matter and pathogenic microorganisms by an anaerobic co-digestion of whole dead animals and manure, both of swine origin. Methods Two test digesters coated with geomembrane were used. Samples were obtained from a private pig farm with 2000 sows in Southern Brazil from April to June of 2017. The analyses were performed in triplicate, at six treatment points and physicochemical and microbiological analyses were performed to evaluate the efficiency of the anaerobic co-digester system. Results We found the efficiency in the removal of chemical oxygen demand (87.88%), biological oxygen demand (83.57%) and total solids (75%), accorded with levels proposed in Resolution 430/2011 of the Brazilian National Environment Council. Furthermore, macro- and micronutrient values also accorded with the environmental parameters proposed by Brazilian legislation. Based on the total nitrogen (2222.00 mg L-1) and environmental critical phosphorus values (333.30 mg dm-³), a subsequent agronomic evaluation is suggested prior to the release of this effluent into the soil. The absence of Salmonella spp. and helminth eggs reinforced the notion of suitability of the system for the treatment of dead animals. Total coliform counts and E. coli counts were within the expected standards. Conclusion Treatment of dead animals and effluents using an anaerobic digestion process was efficient, suggesting that it could replace other methods such as composting and incineration. Evaluation of a novel anaerobic co-digestion system for disposal of dead swine and manure: An important tool in animal production Purpose The anaerobic digester for dead animals is the most eco-friendly and cost-effective way to dispose of this waste. The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal efficiency of organic matter and pathogenic microorganisms by an anaerobic co-digestion of whole dead animals and manure, both of swine origin. Methods Two test digesters coated with geomembrane were used. Samples were obtained from a private pig farm with 2000 sows in Southern Brazil from April to June of 2017. The analyses were performed in triplicate, at six treatment points and physicochemical and microbiological analyses were performed to evaluate the efficiency of the anaerobic co-digester system. Results We found the efficiency in the removal of chemical oxygen demand (87.88%), biological oxygen demand (83.57%) and total solids (75%), accorded with levels proposed in Resolution 430/2011 of the Brazilian National Environment Council. Furthermore, macro- and micronutrient values also accorded with the environmental parameters proposed by Brazilian legislation. Based on the total nitrogen (2222.00 mg L-1) and environmental critical phosphorus values (333.30 mg dm-³), a subsequent agronomic evaluation is suggested prior to the release of this effluent into the soil. The absence of Salmonella spp. and helminth eggs reinforced the notion of suitability of the system for the treatment of dead animals. Total coliform counts and E. coli counts were within the expected standards. Conclusion Treatment of dead animals and effluents using an anaerobic digestion process was efficient, suggesting that it could replace other methods such as composting and incineration. Journal Article 2024 01 18 Purpose The anaerobic digester for dead animals is the most eco-friendly and cost-effective way to dispose of this waste. The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal efficiency of organic matter and pathogenic microorganisms by an anaerobic co-digestion of whole dead animals and manure, both of swine origin. Methods Two test digesters coated with geomembrane were used. Samples were obtained from a private pig farm with 2000 sows in Southern Brazil from April to June of 2017. The analyses were performed in triplicate, at six treatment points and physicochemical and microbiological analyses were performed to evaluate the efficiency of the anaerobic co-digester system. Results We found the efficiency in the removal of chemical oxygen demand (87.88%), biological oxygen demand (83.57%) and total solids (75%), accorded with levels proposed in Resolution 430/2011 of the Brazilian National Environment Council. Furthermore, macro- and micronutrient values also accorded with the environmental parameters proposed by Brazilian legislation. Based on the total nitrogen (2222.00 mg L-1) and environmental critical phosphorus values (333.30 mg dm-³), a subsequent agronomic evaluation is suggested prior to the release of this effluent into the soil. The absence of Salmonella spp. and helminth eggs reinforced the notion of suitability of the system for the treatment of dead animals. Total coliform counts and E. coli counts were within the expected standards. Conclusion Treatment of dead animals and effluents using an anaerobic digestion process was efficient, suggesting that it could replace other methods such as composting and incineration.

International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA) Investigation of pesticidal ability of humic acid derived from palm oil Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) vermicompost Volume 9 (2020) Issue 3, September 2020 2024 01 18 Investigation of pesticidal ability of humic acid derived from palm oil Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) vermicompost 10.30486/ijrowa.2020.1890491.1025 EN Alvyana Khiew Ai May Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia 0000-0001-9305-7513 Rashid Shamsuddin Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia 0000-0002-8683-596X Lew Jin Hau Vata VM Synery Sdn. Bhd., Lot 5164-676, MK, Cegar Gala, Batu 29, Kg Chuar Kati, 33020 Kuala Kangsar, Perak, Malaysia 0000-0001-9134-0489 Aqsha Aqsha Vata VM Synery Sdn. Bhd., Lot 5164-676, MK, Cegar Gala, Batu 29, Kg Chuar Kati, 33020 Kuala Kangsar, Perak, Malaysia 0000-0002-9345-0910 Investigation of pesticidal ability of humic acid derived from palm oil Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) vermicompost Purpose Humic Acid (HA), a plant’s growth promoter readily available in compost was found to have insect repelling functional groups. This study was conducted to investigate the pesticidal ability of HA extracted from Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) vermicomposts at Carbon to Nitrogen (C:N) ratio of 25, 30 and 35. Methods The vermicomposts were prepared using EFB, a palm oil mill by-product as the base material with underutilized organic wastes (fishmeal, bonemeal, and bunch ash) as additives to enhance the macronutrients of vermicomposts. Composting was conducted for 52 days with earthworms as composting agents. HA (mass yield of 2.34 – 2.63%) was extracted from the matured vermicomposts through alkaline extraction before acid precipitation.  The insect repelling effectiveness of HA, Garlic Extract (GE) and 87% GE + 13% HA was evaluated by spraying them onto soil samples in different compartments with crickets. Results Vessel with lesser crickets indicates agent sprayed repels insect better. Results showed 87% GE + 13% HA repels insect most effectively, followed by 100% HA and lastly 100% GE. The macronutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) were improved upon mixing additive materials to the vermicompost. Conclusion HA alone possesses some ability to repel crickets. It performs better when it is coupled with GE as HA acts as a diluent to promote GE absorption into soil thus enhancing the pesticidal effect. This demonstrates EFB has potential as a precursor material for high value vermicompost with insect repellent ability, thus presenting an opportunity for respective industries to generate value-added products while solving by-product underutilization issue. Investigation of pesticidal ability of humic acid derived from palm oil Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) vermicompost Purpose Humic Acid (HA), a plant’s growth promoter readily available in compost was found to have insect repelling functional groups. This study was conducted to investigate the pesticidal ability of HA extracted from Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) vermicomposts at Carbon to Nitrogen (C:N) ratio of 25, 30 and 35. Methods The vermicomposts were prepared using EFB, a palm oil mill by-product as the base material with underutilized organic wastes (fishmeal, bonemeal, and bunch ash) as additives to enhance the macronutrients of vermicomposts. Composting was conducted for 52 days with earthworms as composting agents. HA (mass yield of 2.34 – 2.63%) was extracted from the matured vermicomposts through alkaline extraction before acid precipitation.  The insect repelling effectiveness of HA, Garlic Extract (GE) and 87% GE + 13% HA was evaluated by spraying them onto soil samples in different compartments with crickets. Results Vessel with lesser crickets indicates agent sprayed repels insect better. Results showed 87% GE + 13% HA repels insect most effectively, followed by 100% HA and lastly 100% GE. The macronutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) were improved upon mixing additive materials to the vermicompost. Conclusion HA alone possesses some ability to repel crickets. It performs better when it is coupled with GE as HA acts as a diluent to promote GE absorption into soil thus enhancing the pesticidal effect. This demonstrates EFB has potential as a precursor material for high value vermicompost with insect repellent ability, thus presenting an opportunity for respective industries to generate value-added products while solving by-product underutilization issue. Investigation of pesticidal ability of humic acid derived from palm oil Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) vermicompost Purpose Humic Acid (HA), a plant’s growth promoter readily available in compost was found to have insect repelling functional groups. This study was conducted to investigate the pesticidal ability of HA extracted from Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) vermicomposts at Carbon to Nitrogen (C:N) ratio of 25, 30 and 35. Methods The vermicomposts were prepared using EFB, a palm oil mill by-product as the base material with underutilized organic wastes (fishmeal, bonemeal, and bunch ash) as additives to enhance the macronutrients of vermicomposts. Composting was conducted for 52 days with earthworms as composting agents. HA (mass yield of 2.34 – 2.63%) was extracted from the matured vermicomposts through alkaline extraction before acid precipitation.  The insect repelling effectiveness of HA, Garlic Extract (GE) and 87% GE + 13% HA was evaluated by spraying them onto soil samples in different compartments with crickets. Results Vessel with lesser crickets indicates agent sprayed repels insect better. Results showed 87% GE + 13% HA repels insect most effectively, followed by 100% HA and lastly 100% GE. The macronutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) were improved upon mixing additive materials to the vermicompost. Conclusion HA alone possesses some ability to repel crickets. It performs better when it is coupled with GE as HA acts as a diluent to promote GE absorption into soil thus enhancing the pesticidal effect. This demonstrates EFB has potential as a precursor material for high value vermicompost with insect repellent ability, thus presenting an opportunity for respective industries to generate value-added products while solving by-product underutilization issue. Journal Article 2024 01 18 Purpose Humic Acid (HA), a plant’s growth promoter readily available in compost was found to have insect repelling functional groups. This study was conducted to investigate the pesticidal ability of HA extracted from Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) vermicomposts at Carbon to Nitrogen (C:N) ratio of 25, 30 and 35. Methods The vermicomposts were prepared using EFB, a palm oil mill by-product as the base material with underutilized organic wastes (fishmeal, bonemeal, and bunch ash) as additives to enhance the macronutrients of vermicomposts. Composting was conducted for 52 days with earthworms as composting agents. HA (mass yield of 2.34 – 2.63%) was extracted from the matured vermicomposts through alkaline extraction before acid precipitation.  The insect repelling effectiveness of HA, Garlic Extract (GE) and 87% GE + 13% HA was evaluated by spraying them onto soil samples in different compartments with crickets. Results Vessel with lesser crickets indicates agent sprayed repels insect better. Results showed 87% GE + 13% HA repels insect most effectively, followed by 100% HA and lastly 100% GE. The macronutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) were improved upon mixing additive materials to the vermicompost. Conclusion HA alone possesses some ability to repel crickets. It performs better when it is coupled with GE as HA acts as a diluent to promote GE absorption into soil thus enhancing the pesticidal effect. This demonstrates EFB has potential as a precursor material for high value vermicompost with insect repellent ability, thus presenting an opportunity for respective industries to generate value-added products while solving by-product underutilization issue.

International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA) Effect of a bovine manure vermicompost leachate on yield of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) hybrid Nathalie Volume 9 (2020) Issue 3, September 2020 2024 01 18 Effect of a bovine manure vermicompost leachate on yield of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) hybrid Nathalie 10.30486/ijrowa.2020.1885386.1008 EN Eduardo Fidel Héctor Ardisana Instituto de Posgrado, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, Ecuador 0000-0003-1371-7345 Antonio Torres García Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, Ecuador Osvaldo Alberto Fosado Téllez Instituto de Posgrado, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, Ecuador José Lincoln Cedeño Guerra Master of Science Program "Sustainable Agricultural Production”, Instituto de Posgrado - Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, Ecuador Juan Bautista Zambrano Alcívar Master of Science Program "Sustainable Agricultural Production”, Instituto de Posgrado - Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, Ecuador Journal Article 2024 01 18 Purpose The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of a bovine manure vermicompost leachate (BMVL) on growth, total chlorophyll content and yield of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) hybrid Nathalie. In pepper, the effects of BMVL had not been studied before. Methods Six dilutions of BMVL (1:10, 1:20, 1:30, 1:40, 1:50 and 1:60 v / v), unfertilized soil and YaraMilaTM ComplexTM chemical fertilizer were tested. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. The variables measured were the height of the plants, the diameter of the stem, the number of leaves, the total chlorophyll content, the length, the circumference and the weight of the fruits in four harvests. The yield per hectare in the experimental treatments was estimated from the total weight of the fruits obtained in the four harvests and the area occupied by the plants sampled. Results No substantial agronomic differences were observed in the growth variables nor in the total chlorophyll content between the experimental treatments. The estimated yields in the plots of all BMVL dilutions did not show significant differences among themselves or with chemical fertilization, and exceeded the yields of the plants in the treatment of unfertilized soil. Conclusion The results suggest that bovine manure vermicompost leachate can become a sustainable alternative for pepper production reducing fertilizer application rates, thus diminishing the contamination of the environment.

International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA) Impacts of different pig slurry application methods on soil quality indicators in a maize-soybean cropping sequence in the Sub-humid Pampas of Argentina Volume 9 (2020) Issue 3, September 2020 2024 01 18 Impacts of different pig slurry application methods on soil quality indicators in a maize-soybean cropping sequence in the Sub-humid Pampas of Argentina 10.30486/ijrowa.2020.674424 EN Vanesa Pegoraro Área Suelos y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Ruta Nº 12 km 3, Marcos Juárez, Córdoba, Argentina Cristian Cazorla Área Suelos y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Ruta Nº 12 km 3, Marcos Juárez, Córdoba, Argentina Omar Bachmeier Cátedra de Edafología. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina Tomás Baigorria Área Suelos y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Ruta Nº 12 km 3, Marcos Juárez, Córdoba, Argentina Mónica Boccolini Área Suelos y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Ruta Nº 12 km 3, Marcos Juárez, Córdoba, Argentina Jimena Ortiz Área Suelos y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Ruta Nº 12 km 3, Marcos Juárez, Córdoba, Argentina Claudio Lorenzon Área Suelos y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Ruta Nº 12 km 3, Marcos Juárez, Córdoba, Argentina Susana Hang Cátedra de Edafología. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina Marta Zubillaga Cátedra de Fertilidad y Fertilizantes. Facultad de Agronomía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina Journal Article 2024 01 18 Purpose In Argentina, pig slurry (PS) is spread in surface with N losses in ammonia form. Different methods to decrease these emissions are available, but there is poor information about their impacts on the soil-plant system. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of different PS application methods on the soil quality in a maize-soybean cropping sequence. Methods PS application methods were evaluated: acidified (AS), incorporated (IS), surface (SS), mineral fertilization (MF) and control (C). The experimental design was arranged in a randomized block with three replicates. Chemical parameters and microbiological parameters were determined. Also, grain yields and N uptake were measured. Results IS caused increases in anaerobic nitrogen and basal respiration of soil on soybean. Treatments with PS and/or FM showed lower values in pH than C in both crops, and higher electrical conductivity only in maize. SS treatment showed higher Pe on soybean, indicating a maintenance of the P levels with respect to those in MF and C. The concentration of NO3- increased with MF in both crops. In maize, MF presented similar concentrations to AS and SS. IS increased grain yields of maize by 16 %, whereas SS and AS increased yields of soybean by 112% and 79%, respectively, compared to C. Conclusions The different PS application methods had similar effects on most of the indicators of soil quality. In maize, IS and AS were more efficient in retaining N within the soil-plant system, whereas, in soybean, the SS led to higher yields.

International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA) Optimization of chicken manure combustion parameters in the aspect of phosphorus recovery Volume 9 (2020) Issue 3, September 2020 2024 01 18 Optimization of chicken manure combustion parameters in the aspect of phosphorus recovery 10.30486/ijrowa.2020.1899148.1070 EN Angelika Więckol-Ryk Central Mining Institute in Katowice, Department of Risk Assessment and Industrial Safety, Katowice, Poland 0000-0002-7161-4734 Barbara Białecka Central Mining Institute in Katowice, Department of Environmental Monitoring, Katowice, Poland 0000-0002-6002-5475 Magdalena Cempa Central Mining Institute in Katowice, Department of Environmental Monitoring, Katowice, Poland 0000-0002-4779-1263 Zdzisław Adamczyk Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Applied Geology, Gliwice, Poland 0000-0002-5925-4676 Journal Article 2024 01 18 PurposeThe increasing demand for phosphorous for the production of mineral fertilizers forces the continuous development of research and new technologies in the field of obtaining it from sources other than phosphate rocks. This paper presents an analysis of optimizing the combustion parameters of chicken manure in the aspect of phosphorous recovery. Methods The combustion process was carried out in different time (3-8 hours) and temperatures (700-900oC) in laboratory of electric furnace. The content of macro and micronutrients was determined by XRF and ICP-OES analysis. To identify the mineral composition of ashes, the XRD analysis was applied. The content of total phosphorus in ash extracts was determined by photometric method. Results Concentration of p 2O5 in ash samples detected by ICP-OES and XRF was comparable, 30.37 wt.% and 31.77 wt.% at 900oC, 26.27 wt.% and 26.71wt.% at 700oC and 25.31wt.% and 25.00 wt.% at 500oC, respectively. The mineral composition of ashes showed two phases: crystalline and amorphous. The estimated values of p 2O5 content in crystalline phase was 14.83wt.% at 500oC, 20.96wt.% at 700oC and 23.80wt.% at 900oC. The estimated p 2O5 content in amorphous phase was 10.48wt.% at 500oC and decreased at higher temperature to 5.31wt.% at 700oC and 6.57wt.% at 900oC. Conclusion The chemical composition of ashes from chicken manure depends on the combustion temperature. The highest concentration of phosphorous in their bioavailable forms was determined for samples burned in 500oC. The results indicate that a valuable source of phosphorous is the amorphous phase.  

International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA) Optimization of BioPot compositions made from water hyacinth and coconut coir for improving the growth and yield of chili (Capsicum annum L.) Volume 9 (2020) Issue 3, September 2020 2024 01 18 Optimization of BioPot compositions made from water hyacinth and coconut coir for improving the growth and yield of chili (Capsicum annum L.) 10.30486/ijrowa.2020.1894411.1048 EN Aniek Iriany Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science,University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia 0000-0001-6735-7440 Oktabriyanti Ayu Wulan Sari Undergraduate student of Agrotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science,University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia 0000-0002-2618-3701 Faridlotul Hasanah Kediri, East Java, Indonesia Journal Article 2024 01 18 Purpose An attempt to improve the quality and quantity of chili production through good and effective nursery still needs some development and advancement. Polybag as seedling pot made from polyethylene has non-biodegradable properties that causes environmental impacts, so alternative biodegradable pot which is derived from renewable organic material, namely BioPot, is urgent. The suitable BioPot compositions to complete the nursery stage successfully still need further research and improvement. This research aimed at optimizing BioPot compositions made from water hyacinth and coconut coir for improving the growth and yield of chili. Methods The experiment was carried out using simple RCBD, three replication, one control (polybag) and 5 BioPot compositions (percentage of water hyacinth and coconut coir) as treatments labelled as PO1 (40:60), PO2 (50:50), PO3 (60:40), PO4 (70:30) and PO5 (80:20). The data were analyzed by ANOVA (F-test), then by means of HSD (Tukey test) α 5% as well as response surface analysis. Results The results showed that PO3 and PO4 showed no difference in all observations of the growth of chilli. The highest yield of chili was obtained using PO4 (70% water hyacinth and 30% coconut coir) although the number was not significantly different from PO3 and PO5 (60-80% water hyacinth and 20-40% coconut coir), except in fruit length variable. Conclusion BioPot made from 70% water hyacinth and 30% coconut coir (PO4) was the optimum composition based on scatter plot, contour plot, and surface plot.

International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA) Effect of organic mulches on agronomic parameters – a case study of tomato crop (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Volume 9 (2020) Issue 3, September 2020 2024 01 18 Effect of organic mulches on agronomic parameters – a case study of tomato crop (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) 10.30486/ijrowa.2020.1887263.1015 EN LALIT GOEL Civil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh – 177005, India 0000-0001-6604-3431 Vijay Shankar Civil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh – 177005, India Ravi Sharma Civil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh – 177005, India Journal Article 2024 01 18 Purpose ThePresent study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of locally available organic mulches on moisture retention, yield and irrigation water use efficiency in tomato crop. Methods The crop was grown in a randomized complete block design using pine needle mulch, wheat straw mulch and rice straw mulch as treatments and no mulch serving as control. Results Mulches were able to increase the soil moisture retention through 0.1 m to 0.5 m soil depth. Though mulches behaved differently in soil moisture retention at various depths, the average moisture retention observed for pine needle mulch, rice straw mulch, wheat straw mulch and no mulch was 22.18 %, 21.01 %, 18.52 % and 18.23 %, respectively. The mulches brought about a soil temperature reduction to an extent of 3.3 °C in maximum daily temperature and 1.4-1.8 °C in average soil temperature at 14:00 o'clock during the crop period. The positive effect produced on soil hydrothermal environment was directly reflected through increased leaf area index, plant height and yield. The trend of favourable effect produced by mulches on growth parameters was pine needle mulch > rice straw mulch > wheat straw mulch > no mulch. Mulching increased irrigation water use efficiency by 28.9%, 26.6 % and 12.5 % in pine needle mulch, rice straw mulch and wheat straw mulch, respectively over no mulch. Conclusion Locally available organic materials can effectively be used to increase soil moisture retention, enhance yield and irrigation water use efficiency in tomato crop.

International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA) The effect of cassava effluent and empty oil palm fruit bunch on remediation of petroleum polluted soil and crop production in the tropics: A review Volume 9 (2020) Issue 3, September 2020 2024 01 18 The effect of cassava effluent and empty oil palm fruit bunch on remediation of petroleum polluted soil and crop production in the tropics: A review 10.30486/ijrowa.2020.1892843.1036 EN Fidelis Ifeakachuku Achuba Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University Abraka, Nigeria 0000-0002-1358-3829 Oke Aruoren Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University Abraka, Nigeria Abigail Chioma Nmanedu Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University Abraka, Nigeria Patrick Chukwuyenum Ichipi-Ifukor Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University Abraka, Nigeria Uche Dennis-Eboh Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University Abraka, Nigeria Journal Article 2024 01 18 Purpose There is an increased demand for proper utilization of wastes to benefit humans especially as it relates to generation of economic gains. Although the agro-based industry and the petroleum industry contribute to high levels of waste generation, it is possible that the wastes from the agro industry could be used for management of petroleum hazards and pollution. This review focuses on the identification of potential benefits of two highly ignored agro wastes: cassava effluent and empty oil palm bunch, which contribute to the emission of greenhouse gases and increasing the disease causing potentials of these wastes for people living where they are disposed. Methods In this review, we utilized available literature to reveal the importance of agro wastes as well as their different beneficial applications especially as they concern the remediation of crude oil pollution. Results Evidence from previous research indicates that cassava effluent contains some beneficial nutrient components that negatively affect soil chemistry and plant growth. The use of empty oil palm bunch, on the other hand, has been reported to contribute to the improvement of soil nutrient properties and crop production. Conclusion We postulate that the chemical constituent of these two agricultural wastes may significantly complement their ability to improve crop production when combined, as well as mediate cleanup of soils exposed to crude oil pollution over time.

International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (IJROWA) Investigation of the compost of different organic wastes usage combined with zeolite and perlite on the growth of Codiaeum variegatum cv. Norma Volume 9 (2020) Issue 3, September 2020 2024 01 18 Investigation of the compost of different organic wastes usage combined with zeolite and perlite on the growth of Codiaeum variegatum cv. Norma 10.30486/ijrowa.2020.1885335.1004 EN Farshid Esmaeili Department of Horticulture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-5297-0189 Journal Article 2024 01 18 Purpose Nowadays various studies have been carried out on the possibility of using different types of organic waste compost as a much cheaper and more affordable alternative to peat moss. In this research, different rates of peat moss, vermicompost, municipal wastes compost and palm waste compost were used in combination with perlite and zeolite on the growth of Codiaeum variegatum cv. Norma. Methods The physical and chemical characteristics of media, growth indexes of plant and the number of nutritional compounds in the plant were evaluated. Results The results showed that the highest rate of nitrogen absorption observed in treatment containing peat moss and perlite and combination of this material with zeolite showed better results in the absorption of phosphorus, potassium, iron, and zinc and also had better results in some leaves and dry weight than perlite. Combined treatments of vermicompost with perlite and zeolite, peat moss with perlite and zeolite and also municipal waste compost and perlite showed the best results in different growth indexes of the plant. Conclusion Based on the results, zeolite can be highly efficient in the substrates due to higher nutrients and desirable physical properties. Also, vermicompost and municipal waste compost due to the availability, desirable characteristics, high nutrient, and lower cost could be the substitute of peat moss for the production of the Croton plant.