OICC PRESS Application of different doses of compost as a substitution of the commercial substrate in nursery for pepper and tomato seedlings Volume 11 (2022), IJROWA Issue 4, December 2022 2023 10 27 Application of different doses of compost as a substitution of the commercial substrate in nursery for pepper and tomato seedlings 10.30486/ijrowa.2021.1921803.1195 EN Maria L Fiasconaro Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química - (CONICET- UNL), Universidad Católica de Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina 0000-0002-4019-6525 Mariana Guadalupe Abrile Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química - (CONICET- UNL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina 0000-0002-4781-1770 Lucia Hintermeister Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Bv. Pellegrini 2750 - (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina 0000-0002-4778-9147 Maria Del Carmen Antolin Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, c/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain 0000-0003-1909-5612 Maria Eugenia Lovato Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química - (CONICET- UNL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina Journal Article 2023 10 27 Purpose The decreasing number of peatlands has driven the search for new cultivation substrates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of different composts as growing media in the production of vegetable seedlings (pepper and tomato). Method Composts were produced from: discarded carrots (ZC), fats (FC), and biosolids (BC) from the dairy industry. They were used as peat substitutes in different doses depending on the germinating species: control (CS-commercial substrate) and three growing media prepared with perlite: 25, 35, and 45% of ZC, FC, and BC for pepper seedlings and 40, 55 and 70% of ZC, FC, and BC for tomato seedlings. When the plants were ready for transplantation they were harvested and the data were collected to assess the development of the seedlings in the different growth media. Results The obtained results suggest the possibility of total substitution of the CS by ZC, FC, and BC to produce pepper and tomato plants in commercial nurseries. The plants cultivated with composts presented higher concentrations of total dry matter compared to the controls. Photosynthetic pigments were affected by the presence of FC and BC, whereas TSP concentration was favored by BC. Conclusion Ours results suggest that it is feasible to perform a total substitution of commercial substrates with composts of different origins and compositions for the production of pepper and tomato plants in commercial nurseries. Highlights The search for new substrates for seedbeds is essential to face the disappearance of natural peatlands. Compost made from putrescible wastes represents a sustainable alternative for the substitution of peat as growing substrate in greenhouse horticultural crops. It is possible to perform a total substitution of commercial substrates with composts of different origins and compositions for the production of pepper and tomato plants in commercial nurseries. The use of compost as a growing medium caused an increase in the dry matter content of pepper and tomato seedlings. The utilization of compost obtained from the valorisation of agri-food wastes allows the reduction of costs in commercial substrates and fertilizers due to its nutritional effects.

OICC PRESS Controlling root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in tomatoes using modified effective microorganisms-fermented plant extract and compost manure Volume 11 (2022), IJROWA Issue 4, December 2022 2023 10 27 Controlling root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in tomatoes using modified effective microorganisms-fermented plant extract and compost manure 10.30486/ijrowa.2021.1937252.1307 EN Benoit Katchitche Sossou Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Nigeria Nkechi Betsy Izuogu Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Nigeria Aisha O. Anifowose Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Nigeria H. E. Ahamefule Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture University of Ilorin, Nigeria Journal Article 2023 10 27 Purpose Nematode diseases are major constraints in tomato production. Screenhouse and field experiments were conducted to assess the efficacy of Effective Microorganisms-Fermented Plant Extract (EM-FPE) and compost manure singly and in combination on Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomatoes. Method Screenhouse and field experiments were designed respectively as 2×5 and 2×4 factorial fitted into a completely randomized design (CRD) in the screenhouse and randomized complete block design (RCBD) on the field. For single treatments, 100 ml of EM-FPE or 200 g of compost was used per plant while 50 ml of EM-FPE and 100 g of compost were combined and used per plant for treatment combination. Pots that did not receive any treatment served as control. Data were collected on growth parameters, fruit production, galling, and soil nematode population. The data collected was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) where significant differences in means were separated using Fisher’s Least Significance Difference (LSD) Test at P = 0.05. Results In both trials, treated plants performed significantly better. No significant difference was recorded among the three treatments for soil nematode population and root galling on the field. But in the screenhouse trial, plants treated with the combination of EM-FPE and compost recorded higher soil nematode population (150) and root galling (7) at harvest but the plants performed well. Among the treatments, compost manure applied singly gave the best result with respect to vegetative growth, flower formation, and yield of the tomatoes. Conclusion This study reveals that both treatments, EM-FPE, and compost manure could be relied on for effective control of Meloidogyne incognita in tomatoes. Highlights Both compost manure and EM-FPE were found to be effective against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in tomato production. Compost manure applied singly was the best in controlling the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. The treatment combination (EM-FPE + compost manure) enhanced tomato plants tolerance to Meloidogyne incognita.

OICC PRESS Effects of fertigation with raw sewage on the vegetative development of maize and beans Volume 11 (2022), IJROWA Issue 4, December 2022 2023 10 27 Effects of fertigation with raw sewage on the vegetative development of maize and beans 10.30486/ijrowa.2021.1926171.1219 EN Matheus Lopes De Oliveira Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Lavras (Universidade Federal de Lavras, UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil 0000-0003-4974-7204 Juliano Curi De Siqueira Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Lavras (Universidade Federal de Lavras, UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil 0000-0002-6346-8917 Mateus Pimentel De Matos Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Lavras (Universidade Federal de Lavras, UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil 0000-0001-8384-7466 Luciene Alves Batista Siniscalchi Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Lavras (Universidade Federal de Lavras, UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil 0000-0001-7892-0112 Willian Brunoro Fim Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras (Universidade Federal de Lavras, UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil 0000-0002-2019-1612 Journal Article 2023 10 27 Purpose Fertigation plays an important role in the so-called circular economy since it relies on the reuse of water and nutrients; therefore, this method is fundamental for production in areas with scarce resources. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fertigation of soil plots with sewage on soil attributes, germination of seeds, and growth of bean and corn. Method Due to the low concentrations of macronutrients in the sewage, the applied dose was calculated based on the water deficit. Three plots cultivated with maize and three plots cultivated with beans were fertigated, while the same number of plots received irrigation and mineral fertilization in amounts equivalent to the dose of nitrogen administered in the sewage for comparison. Results There was an increase in the cation exchange capacity (74.6%), nitrogen (10.4%), available phosphorus (190.5%), and organic matter (44.9%) contents in the fertigated soil compared to those in the soil of the plots that received chemical fertilization, resulting in greater germination and corn and bean growth. Analyses indicated that the coliform count in beans is below the detection limit of the technique used. Conclusion Based on the results obtained, there are indications that fertigation can provide improvements in soil attributes at values higher than those provided by chemical fertilization, reducing the need to apply these macronutrients and irrigation water to the soil. Furthermore, fertigation can be sanitary and safe, since the count of microorganisms in the beans was not higher than that recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Highlights Fertigation can be a safe technique from a microbiological perspective. Fertigation can provide improvements in chemical and physical-chemical attributes to a greater extent than chemical fertilization. The sewage application can reduce the fertilizer and water needs. Plants grew more in the plots that received sewage.

OICC PRESS Application of egg shell with fortified vermicompost in Capsicum cultivation: A strategy in waste management Volume 11 (2022), IJROWA Issue 4, December 2022 2023 10 27 Application of egg shell with fortified vermicompost in Capsicum cultivation: A strategy in waste management 10.30486/ijrowa.2022.1940565.1338 EN Ishita Biswas Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India 0000-0003-0525-8812 Debasis Mitra Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India Debanjan Mitra Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India Sourav Chattaraj Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India Ansuman Senapati Centre for Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar - 751019 Odisha, India Abhinobo Chakraborty Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India Goutam Basak Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India Professor A. K. Bothra Environment Conservation Centre, Raiganj University, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India Pradeep K Das Mohapatra Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India Professor A. K. Bothra Environment Conservation Centre, Raiganj University, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India Journal Article 2023 10 27 Purpose Chicken eggshell (ES) is a global biowaste product of poultry industry and an enriched source of calcium required for plant growth. Therefore, the present study has been carried out to assess the potentiality of the combination of ES with vermicompost (VC) and chicken feather protein hydrolysate (CFPH) on growth and yield improvement of Capsicum plants. Method A field study was conducted through randomized block design (RBD) with eight treatments having three replicates for each. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) have performed to analyze the yield related parameters of plant. Nutritional components of VC and ES were also analyzed. Results The PCA analysis of the  field experiment data has indicated that the combination of ES, CFPH and VC (in a ratio of 100:10:3) remarkably increased the agronomic parameters of capsicum plant about four folds as compared to its chemical counterpart and control, while together VC and ES strongly influences the characteristics of fruits. The first two dimensions of first and second PCA analysis showed 88.39 and 66.91 percent of the overall dataset inertia respectively, explaining 88.39 and 66.91 percent of the total variability. These two values are higher than their respective reference values of 36.32 and 46.76 percent indicating substantial variability. Conclusion The co-application of ES, CFPH with VC could enhance the yield parameters of crops by enriching the soil with both micro and macronutrients. It also serves as a source of organic compost with concomitant reduction in the use of chemical fertilizers. Highlights Biological management of eggshell waste Preparation of fortified vermicompost with chicken feather protein hydrolysate and eggshell dust Application of enriched vermicompost in the cultivation of Capsicum plants Principle component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the effect of organic fertilizer on agronomic and fruit quality of Capsicum

OICC PRESS Vermicomposting of cow dung amended with eggshell powder: Possible roles of eggshell powder on the growth models of Serendipita indica, wheat growth and performances and soil enzymes activity Volume 11 (2022), IJROWA Issue 4, December 2022 2023 10 27 Vermicomposting of cow dung amended with eggshell powder: Possible roles of eggshell powder on the growth models of Serendipita indica, wheat growth and performances and soil enzymes activity 10.30486/ijrowa.2021.1930581.1246 EN Mohammad Javad Zarea Department of Agronomy and Crop breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran Nasrin Karimi Department of Agronomy and Crop breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran Journal Article 2023 10 27 Purpose Chicken eggshell as a byproduct of the egg product industry makes serious problems to the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eggshell as a potential option in supplementing of the organic matter and improvement of soil conditions in the pot culture and the area.  Method Two pot experiments were carried out to estimate the effects of CD and CDES vermicomposts provided from cow dung and cow dung + eggshell’s powder, respectively, on symbiotic relationships of Serendipita indica with wheat and soil enzyme activities tested under sterilized and non-sterilized soil conditions, respectively. Two in vitro experiments were also conducted to test the effects of eggshell extract and humic and fulvic acids extracted from CD vermicompost on S. indica growth. Results CDES vermicompost improved soil enzyme activities of urease, phosphatase and invertase. Root colonization of wheat with multiple species of mycorrhiza and facultative symbiont S. indica was improved by CDES. S. indica growth was induced by eggshell extract. Humic and fulvic acids increased in S. indica mycelia mats dry yield. Results revealed when cow dung was amended with eggshell powder provided a better condition for earthworm growth and enhancing the colonization percentage of wheat root with indigenous mycorrhizal fungi. CDES vermicompost caused the increase in soil basal respiration and soil enzymatic activities. Conclusion Eggshell powder growth promoting effect can be attributed to the biologically active compound that exists in eggshell extract. Highlights The addition of eggshell powder in the preparation of organic compost by vermicomposting affected the chemical composition of the resulting cow dung vermicomposts. Vermicompost derived from cow dung + eggshell powder effectively enhanced soil enzyme activity and symbiotic relationships of idica with wheat plant. Eggshell extraction improved the growth of indica in terms of fungus radial growth and cell dry weight. Humic and fulvic acids extracted from cow dung vermicompost influenced growth and mycelia mats yield of indica.

OICC PRESS Valorization of sawdust by co-composting with food waste using a small-scale composter Volume 11 (2022), IJROWA Issue 4, December 2022 2023 10 28 Valorization of sawdust by co-composting with food waste using a small-scale composter 10.30486/ijrowa.2021.1924988.1213 EN Hadi Bello Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Akeem Adebayo Jimoh Department of Chemical, Geological and Physical Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria Journal Article 2023 10 28 Purpose This study aimed to produce a value-added product by co-composting sawdust with food waste using a small-scale composter. Method The composting experiment was carried out using 60L composting bins with a hole of 3 mm and 10 cm apart drilled on its side. Three experimental trials 1, 2 and 3 were adopted in this study with mixture of sawdust and food waste (Trial 1= 80% sawdust + 20% food waste, Trial 2 = 70% sawdust + 30% food waste, Trial 3 = 60% sawdust + 40% food waste). The composting process lasted for 90 days. Parameters examined throughout the composting process include temperature, moisture content, pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter content, and organic matter losses. Results The results indicated that all the compost trials exhibit good development of composting process, with the highest solid organic degradation reached in a shorter period in compost trial 3. The temperature profile of the three trials are the same and above 60 0C after 30 days of composting. The compost samples had a pH ranging from 5.9 to 9.4. The electrical conductivity of the three composting trials was following the recommended value. The best compost trial that produces quality compost is compost trial 3. Conclusion The results showed that all composts obtained were stable and matured. In brief, recycling sawdust through the composting process to obtain valuable end products is adequate but in the presence of nitrogen-rich waste, such as waste food materials. Highlights Food waste is found as a suitable material for composting Sawdust. Composting of Food waste and Sawdust can be done at different proportion. Perforated compost bin is effective in terms of maintaining aerobic process during composting. Composting can be done on a small scale where there is limited space. The mixture of Sawdust and food waste at 60: 40 ratios constituted the best experimental condition.

OICC PRESS Evaluation of the potential use of biosolids in corn crop in the municipality of Puebla, Mexico Volume 11 (2022), IJROWA Issue 4, December 2022 2023 10 27 Evaluation of the potential use of biosolids in corn crop in the municipality of Puebla, Mexico 10.30486/ijrowa.2022.1944759.1373 EN Yaselda Chavarin Pineda Postgraduate in Environmental Sciences- Institute of Sciences of the Autonomous University of Puebla, Mexico 0000-0003-4524-0115 Miguel Angel Valera Perez Postgraduate in Environmental Sciences- Institute of Sciences of the Autonomous University of Puebla, Mexico Department of Research in Agricultural Sciences-Institute of Sciences of the Autonomous University of Puebla, Mexico 0000-0002-2093-8122 Raimundo Jimenez-Ballesta Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain 0000-0002-4048-0892 Jose Victor Tamariz Flores Postgraduate in Environmental Sciences- Institute of Sciences of the Autonomous University of Puebla, Mexico Department of Research in Agricultural Sciences-Institute of Sciences of the Autonomous University of Puebla, Mexico 0000-0001-6978-4462 Journal Article 2023 10 27 Purpose Due to the urgent need for sustainable agro-industrial waste management, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the application of biosolids as organic fertilizer in a corn cultivation crop. In addition, to achieve food security, the study aimed to assess metals concentrations in soil and maize plants and enrichment factors (EF) for soils and plants. Method Four sites with a biosolids application were studied and  compared against a control. Physicochemical properties of soils and heavy metal contents were evaluated after one year of application of biosolids. Metal concentrations, average kernel yield and biomass were measured in corn plants. Results The results demonstrated that the biosolids increased the content of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and exchangeable bases in the soil. In addition, the concentration of heavy metals in soils with biosolids was higher than in soils without treatment, and the concentration of heavy metals in the corn kernels did not exceed the maximum recommended limits. However, EF values showed a considerable contamination grade due to the accumulation of metals. Conclusion Some of the physical and chemical characteristics of soil were improved by incorporating biosolids, but the metal content in the soil increased. Also, the application of biosolids increased the plant height  and corn yield. Therefore, biosolids can be used as organic fertilizer sources; however, it is necessary to carry out periodic evaluations to ensure low levels of enrichment in crops and soil, thus guaranteeing the safety of biosolids as soil fertilizers. Highlights The application of biosolids into soils improve some soil fertility properties and increase the agricultural productivity of maize. Biosolids can contribute to increased risk contamination in the sites where they are applied. Environmental problems and impacts of biosolids in agriculture are getting more attention.

OICC PRESS Bioconversion of municipal organic solid waste in to compost using Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) Volume 11 (2022), IJROWA Issue 4, December 2022 2023 10 27 Bioconversion of municipal organic solid waste in to compost using Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) 10.30486/ijrowa.2022.1939781.1333 EN Priscilla Addo Department of Civil Engineering/Regional Water and Environmental Sanitation Centre, Kumasi (RWESCK), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi-Ghana 0000-0002-9956-5858 Sampson Oduro-Kwarteng Department of Civil Engineering/Regional Water and Environmental Sanitation Centre, Kumasi (RWESCK), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi-Ghana Samuel Fosu Gyasi Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Energy and Natural Resource (UENR), Sunyani- Ghana Esi Awuah Department of Civil Engineering/Regional Water and Environmental Sanitation Centre, Kumasi (RWESCK), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi-Ghana Journal Article 2023 10 27 Purpose The study assessed the quality of compost produced by the Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) in terms of the compost nutrient level, microbial activities, and the bioaccumulation of possible heavy metals in the organic solid waste. Method The study used the pre-experimental study design, one-group pretest-posttest to obtain the data. Five experimental units were used for the study, which include the daily feeding rate for the five different groups of larvae. The experiments were replicated three times. The nutrient level, heavy metal content and presence of microbes were analyzed before and after the decomposition process. Results The study discovered that the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK)content   increased in the compost produced. Cross-contamination of Total Coliform from feed to the prepupae were significant while regrowth of Total Coliform in compost were insignificant. After the composting process most heavy metals like Fe had insignificantly increased in the compost . Conclusion It can be concluded that larval composting enhance the regrowth of pathogens since the process is entirely mesophilic. Bioaccumulation of most heavy metals was minimum, increasing the level of these heavy metals in the compost. The nutrients were extremely high in the compost to the extent that can cause phyto-toxicity. Post-treatment of the compost is needed to make BSFL compost viable for the market. Highlights The study assessed the quality of compost produced by the larvae of Black Soldier Fly using municipal organic solid waste (MOSW) as substrate in terms of nutrient, microbial activities and heavy metal bioaccumulation. The study observed high level of nutrients like nitrogen in the compost produced even though the larvae uses nitrogen and fat in its biomass formation. The level of nitrogen was higher than what is required in fertilizers as reported in other studies. The larval composting process by the BSF were mainly mesophilic hence most pathogenic microbes were increased in the compost disputing the studies which reported reduction in microbial activities as a result of larval enzymes during decomposition. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the larval composting process by the BSF were mainly dependent on the chemical properties of the elements as reported in previous studies. While some were reduced in the compost like Al as a result of its accumulation in the larval biomass, others like Ca were increased in the compost. Compost produced by larvae of BSF using municipal organic solid waste may require further processing to reduce pathogenic microbes and also to become more stable and mature before it can be used as a soil conditioner.

OICC PRESS Biochar and sewage sludge phosphorus fertilizer effects on phosphorus bioavailability and spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.) yields under no-till system in semi-arid soils Volume 11 (2022), IJROWA Issue 4, December 2022 2023 10 27 Biochar and sewage sludge phosphorus fertilizer effects on phosphorus bioavailability and spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.) yields under no-till system in semi-arid soils 10.30486/ijrowa.2022.1927076.1231 EN Ugele Majaule Department of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture Development and Food Security, Gaborone, Botswana 0000-0001-8339-8015 Oagile Dikinya Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana Bruno Glaser Soil Biogeochemistry, Institute of Agronomy and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany Journal Article 2023 10 27 Purpose This field study evaluated the interactive effects of biochar (BC) and sewage sludge (SS) on P bioavailability and spinach yields for two seasons. Method Treatments were combinations of biochar (0, 2.5 and 5 Mg ha-1) and sewage sludge (0, 6 and 12 Mg ha-1), or mineral fertilizer (200, 28, and 18.9 kg ha-1), amended in a randomized complete block design to Luvisol and Cambisol. Results Significant (p < 0.05) yield increase of 53 and 65%, respectively occurred with increasing sole biochar doses on the Luvisol. Both applied alone and in combination with BC, the high rate of SS increased (p < 0.05) yields on the Luvisol over two seasons. Complimentary effects of 6SS+5BC on the Luvisol showed the highest yield increase for the study period. Co-application of amendments on the Cambisol decreased (p > 0.05) yields compared to sole amendments. Mehlich – 3 extractable P (M3-P) in control plots (CONT) increased between seasons, presumably due to P inputs from the irrigation water. Co-amendments on the Cambisol resulted in higher M3-P increase over mineral fertilizer than on the Luvisol in both seasons. Accumulation of M3-P in control plots confounded correlations between crop yields and available P. Higher P under BC compared to SS amended soils emphasize biochar capacity to capture P from irrigation water. Conclusion The results suggest that combined low rates of SS and BC can have significant effects on P availability and crop yields. Biochar enhanced plant P uptake, but decrease in yields with simultaneous increase in M3-P between seasons warrants further research. Highlights Plant available P increased across treatments in the second season suggestive of P enrichment from the irrigation wastewater. Plant leaf P increased between seasons, while organic amendments had similar or greater effects on P uptake relative to mineral fertilizer. Increasing dosage of sole biochar markedly increased plant available P than sewage sludge. Amendments improved CEC, Ca and Mg bioavailability. Co-application had greater effects on improving P bioavailability and crop yields on the Luvisol compared to the Cambisol.

OICC PRESS Ensiling characteristics of prickly pear (opuntia-ficus indica) rejects with and without molasses for animal feed Volume 11 (2022), IJROWA Issue 4, December 2022 2023 10 27 Ensiling characteristics of prickly pear (opuntia-ficus indica) rejects with and without molasses for animal feed 10.30486/ijrowa.2022.1933535.1279 EN L El Hajji Ecology and sustainable development Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco H Azzouzi Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Regional Center for Agricultural Research in Tadla (CRRAT), Beni Mellal, Morocco M Achchoub Ecology and sustainable development Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco K Elfazazi Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Regional Center for Agricultural Research in Tadla (CRRAT), Beni Mellal, Morocco S Salmaoui Ecology and sustainable development Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco Journal Article 2023 10 27 Purpose The aim of this work was to study the effect of adding sugar beet molasses on the biochemical properties, microbial flora, fermentation quality, and aerobic stability of prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) waste silage. Method Molasses (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%, w/w) was mixed with the cactus fruit scraps, straw and wheat bran. Results The dry matter content, pH, total and reducing sugars of the pre-ensiling material increased after adding different percentages of the beet molasses (P < 0.05). During fermentation, we observed substantial protein and sugar degradation. All silage treatments reached stable pH values (pH 4.3-4.6). Among all the concentrations, the 10% beet molasses treatment underwent the highest lactic acid fermentation. Accordingly, the pH drop was higher in the 10% concentration (1.13 units) compared to lower beet molasses concertation  (1.03 units). Also, the 10% concentration has the highest number of lactic acid bacteria. The number of yeast and total aerobic mesophiles decreased continuously during silage. Moreover, during post-fermentation testing, the yeast multiplied little for the 10% concentration of beet molasses. Conclusion The results show that the addition of molasses has a significant effect on silage characteristics of prickly pear cactus. Highlights The cactus rejects are an important fodder in the arid and semi-arid zones. The valorization of these residues in the form of silage (with or without additives) seems to have an economic and environmental interest. The silage process improved the products by reducing the growth of spoilage microorganisms. The additive molasses improves the fermentation, aiding the preservation process, and nutritional quality of silage.

OICC PRESS Literature review on ability of agricultural crop residues and agro-industrial waste for treatment of wastewater Volume 11 (2022), IJROWA Issue 4, December 2022 2023 10 27 Literature review on ability of agricultural crop residues and agro-industrial waste for treatment of wastewater 10.30486/ijrowa.2022.1953280.1420 EN Nur Hidayat Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricul-tural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia 0000-0001-9356-9391 Sri Suhartini Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricul-tural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia Tutut Arinda Bioresource and Bioeconomy Research Group, Faculty of Com-puting, Engineering and Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom Elviliana Elviliana Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricul-tural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia Lynsey Melville Uioresource and Bioeconomy Research Group, Faculty of Com-puting, Engineering and Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom Journal Article 2023 10 27 Purpose Agricultural crop residues (ACR) and agro-industrial waste (AIW) are abundant in Indonesia and primarily used as substitutes for cattle feed or to be naturally decomposed in the nearby environment. This review attempts to examine the potential valorisation of ACR and AIW into biosorbent. This paper also provides the challenges and opportunities in applying wastewater biosorption treatment in Indonesia. Method A literature review from available literature was carried out to reveal and explore the ability and prospective application of ACR and AIW   for treatment of wastewater Results The reviews show that ACR and AIW can be used for wastewater treatment in different forms including: filter media, activated carbon, biosorbent and biochar. Activated carbon has demonstrated its high ability and efficiency in removing organic pollutants in wastewater. This is due to its large porosity, internal surface area, and mechanical strength. ACR and AIW in wastewater biosorption can be applied in any small-scale agro-industries because of their simplicity procedures, technology, and low cost. Various options of wastewater technologies have also been investigated in recent years. Yet, various issues have been aroused surrounding this technology, including the biosorptive capacity, the performance-effectiveness, the design, and the high operation costs. Conclusion The study found that problems of a high cost of carbonation and activation process, the needs of regeneration treatment, and the up-scaling or commercialization might hinder the sustainable valorisation of ACR and AIW. Highlights Agricultural crop residues (ACR) and agro-industrial waste (AIW) is sustainable feedstock for wastewater treatment ACR and AIW as biosorbent or activated carbon are highly effective for removing pollutants The structure of biosorbent from ACR and AIW facilitate different mechanism in pollutants removal Utilisation of ACR and AIW may offer an eco-friendly wastewater treatment Challenges remain on biosorption capacity, process’s efficacy, and high operation cost