OICC PRESS Optical characterization of Cu3N thin film with Swanepoel method Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Optical characterization of Cu3N thin film with Swanepoel method 10.1186/2251-7235-6-13 EN Davoud Dorranian Plasma Physics Research Centre, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-8855-7425 Laya Dejam Plasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-3925-1838 Gelareh Mosayebian Plasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-4926-8126 Journal Article 2022 12 21 bstractSwanepoel method is employed for spectroscopic determination of optical properties of Cu3N thin film using transmittance data. Investigated films have been deposited using reactive magnetron sputtering system. Deposition time was 9 to 21 min. Refractive index, absorption coefficient, and bandgap energy of the samples are determined. Thickness of the films is calculated by Swanepoel method, and result is compared with the thickness of the films measured by profilmeter. It is shown that Swanepoel method is a reliable way to calculate the optical constants of thin films when the transmittance spectrum of the film is influenced by wavelike patterns due to reflection of the probe beam from different interfaces.

OICC PRESS Growth of europium-doped gallium oxide (Ga2O3:Eu) thin films deposited by homemade DC magnetron sputtering Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Growth of europium-doped gallium oxide (Ga2O3:Eu) thin films deposited by homemade DC magnetron sputtering 10.1186/2251-7235-6-17 EN Putut Marwoto Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang (Semarang State University) Sugianto Sugianto Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang (Semarang State University) Edy Wibowo Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang (Semarang State University) Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractEuropium-doped gallium oxide (Ga2O3:Eu) thin films have successfully been grown using direct current magnetron sputtering by means of Eu concentration variation. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy spectra indicate gallium, oxygen, and europium elements as the growing films' chemical compositions. Based on scanning electron microscopy images, the morphology of Ga2O3:Eu thin film is seemingly like a granulated nano-size configuration. In this study, UV-visible spectrophotometer results show that the variation of Eu doping concentration inflicted no change toward the optical bandgap of the growing films. The optical bandgaps of undoped Ga2O3 film and Ga2O3:Eu film were seen to be relatively similar, i.e., approximately 3.4 eV. Yet, the presence of Eu doping in Ga2O3 configuration had led to blueshift phenomenon when the concentration was 2% and redshift phenomenon when it was 5%. Photoluminescence emissions of all samples were observed in the red area with the emission peak between 593 and 602 nm.

OICC PRESS Analytical study of radionuclide concentration and radon exhalation rate in market available building materials of Ramsar Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Analytical study of radionuclide concentration and radon exhalation rate in market available building materials of Ramsar 10.1186/2251-7235-6-5 EN Elham Bavarnegin Department of Physics, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Masoud Vahabi-moghaddam Department of Physics, University of Guilan Asad Babakhani National Radiation Protection Department Nasrin Fathabadi National Radiation Protection Department Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractSamples of structural and covering market available building materials from Ramsar, a northern city of Iran, were analyzed for their radon exhalation rate using an active radon gas analyzer with an emanation container. The radon exhalation rate varied from below the minimum detection limit of 0.01 to 0.31 Bq·m−2·h−1 with an average of 0.08 Bq·m−2·h−1. The 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K contents were also measured using a high resolution HPGe gamma-ray spectrometer system. The radionuclides contents varied from below the minimum detectable activity up to 73.5, 169, and 1,350 Bq.kg−1, with the average value of 16 ± 6, 25 ± 11, and 280 ± 101 Bq.kg−1, respectively. It was concluded from the results that some granite samples along with the block sample were the main source of radon exhalation rate, and the mean values of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in building material samples are below the world average values. Therefore, the use of these market available building materials in construction of Ramsar dwellings is considered to be safe for human habitation.

OICC PRESS Synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles via submerged arc discharge based on a seed-mediated approach Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles via submerged arc discharge based on a seed-mediated approach 10.1186/2251-7235-6-14 EN Ali Akbar Ashkarran Plasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractGold nanoparticles were prepared via liquid arc discharge technique using a seed-mediated approach in solution and characterized by dynamic light scattering, UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, optical imaging, and atomic force microscopy. A surface plasmon resonance was observed around 520 nm based on optical absorption spectroscopy of as-prepared samples at 15 A arc current in HAuCl4 solution. It was found that sodium citrate acts as a stabilizer and surface capping agent of the colloidal nanoparticles. It was found that the intensity of the plasmonic peak of as-prepared gold nanoparticles in 1 min arc duration gradually increases due to seed mediation up to 6 h. The formation time of gold nanoparticles in higher seed concentrations is less than the lower seed concentrations.  

OICC PRESS Electrical characterization of nanocrystalline zinc selenide thin films Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Electrical characterization of nanocrystalline zinc selenide thin films 10.1186/2251-7235-6-16 EN Jeewan Sharma Department of Nanotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University Deep Shikha Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research;Department of Physics, Maharishi Markandeshwar University Surya Kant Tripathi Department of Physics, Panjab University Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractIn the present paper, we have studied the effect of photo-illumination on electrical properties of nanocrystalline ZnSe thin films. The ZnSe thin films with different grain sizes (coherently diffracting domains) have been prepared. The semiconducting material with the composition Zn25Se75 has been prepared using melt-quenching technique. Thermal evaporation technique has been used to prepare nanocrystalline ZnSe thin films on highly cleaned glass substrates at different partial pressures of Ar gas. The grain size has been controlled by the partial pressure of inert gas. The grain size has been calculated using X-ray diffraction plots. Mobility activation has been studied from the photocurrent decay curves. The effective density of states (Neff), frequency factor (S), and trap depth (E) have been calculated for all the films having different grain sizes. Three different types of trap levels have been found in these films. There is a linear distribution of traps having different energies below the conduction band. The increase in photoconductivity is explained in terms of built in potential barriers (ϕb) at the grain boundaries.

OICC PRESS Quantum wire with parallelogram cross section: optical properties Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Quantum wire with parallelogram cross section: optical properties 10.1186/2251-7235-6-19 EN Reza Khordad Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractIn the present work, the optical properties of a GaAs quantum wire with a parallelogram cross section are studied. In this regard, we have used the expressions for the optical properties obtained by the compact-density matrix formalism. Here, we have investigated the intersubband optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes as a function of the structure parameter of the wire (side length) and the incident optical intensity. According to the obtained results, it is found that (1) the total refractive index changes increase and shift towards lower energies when the side length increases and that (2) the total absorption coefficient decreases as the side length increases. Also, the resonance peak shifts towards lower energies by increasing the side length.

OICC PRESS Fast and thermal neutron radiographies based on a compact neutron generator Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Fast and thermal neutron radiographies based on a compact neutron generator 10.1186/2251-7235-6-20 EN Jacob G Fantidis Department of Electrical Engineering, Kavala Institute of Technology Bandekas V Dimitrios Department of Electrical Engineering, Kavala Institute of Technology Potolias Constantinos Department of Electrical Engineering, Kavala Institute of Technology Vordos Nick Department of Electrical Engineering, Kavala Institute of Technology Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractFast neutrons that are produced via compact neutron generators have been used for thermal and fast neutron radiographies. In order to investigate objects with different sizes and produce radiographs of variable qualities, the proposed facility has been considered with a wide range of values for the parameters characterizing the thermal and fast neutron radiographies. The proposed system is designed according to article 4 of the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive 2002/95/EC, hence, excluded the use of cadmium and lead, and has been simulated using the MCNP4B code. The Monte Carlo calculations were carried out using three different neutron sources: deuterium-deuterium, deuterium-tritium, and tritium-tritium neutron generators.

OICC PRESS Density functional investigation of structures and energetics of pure and Sn-doped small lithium clusters Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Density functional investigation of structures and energetics of pure and Sn-doped small lithium clusters 10.1186/2251-7235-6-18 EN Masoud Ansarino Department of Physics, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-2311-5068 Shahab Zorriasatein Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University-South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractGround state geometry, energetics, and bonding of pure Lin ( n = 2 – 9 ) and impureLinSn ( n = 1 – 8 ) small clusters are investigated using the density functional theory. Introducing a single Sn impurity significantly changes the geometry of the host clusters for n > 5. Although the Sn atom is not trapped inside the cluster, it has the greatest coordination number among other atoms in the cluster. The analyses showed that the nearest neighbor bond lengths in Sn are approximately 10% shorter than those in Li. The results elucidate that the binding energy per atom in impure clusters is greater than that in pure clusters. Finally, it is shown that for and Li8 and Li4Sn clusters that each have with eight valence electrons, the greater gap in the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital results in a more stable cluster.

OICC PRESS New approach to nuclear binding energy in integrated nuclear model Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 New approach to nuclear binding energy in integrated nuclear model 10.1186/2251-7235-6-3 EN Nader Ghahramany Physics Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Shirvan Gharaati Physics Department, Shiraz University Mohammad Ghanaatian Physics Group, Payame Noor University Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractIn this paper, the integrated nuclear model is introduced, and a binding energy formula based on this model is presented. The binding energies of all nuclides in this model are compared with available experimental values and also with values from liquid drop model.

OICC PRESS *Investigation on the formation of titanium nitride thin films on 304 type stainless steel using plasma focus device Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 *Investigation on the formation of titanium nitride thin films on 304 type stainless steel using plasma focus device 10.1186/2251-7235-6-30 EN Narges Fani Plasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Campus of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Hadi Savaloni School of Physics, College of Science, University of Tehran, North‑Kargar Street, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-6836-106X Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractA 2.2-kJ Mather type plasma focus device charged at 18 kV was used to deposit titanium nitride on 304 type stainless steel substrates. The plasma focus device is fitted with solid titanium anode and operated with nitrogen as the filling gas. The process of deposition was done at room temperature, and samples were deposited at a constant distance and at different angles with respect to the anode axis. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) were employed to characterize crystalline structure, morphology, nanostructure, distribution, and elemental composition of deposited films, respectively. As the ion flux and energy of the ions change with angular position from the head of the anode (titanium), it is observed that these changes directly affect both surface morphology and the nanostructure of the films. XRD patterns show the growth of polycrystalline titanium nitride thin films of different phases. AFM and SEM images show that the grain size is affected by the energy of ions that reached the surface. Grain size, average roughness, and root mean square decreased by increasing the angle with respect to the anode axis. EDX mapping verifies the elemental distributions of titanium nitride on the surface. In this work we have shown the possibility of production of titanium nitride thin films of different phases, using a Mather type plasma focus system.

OICC PRESS Nanoscale effects on multichannel add/drop filter based on 2-D photonic crystal ring-resonator heterostructure Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Nanoscale effects on multichannel add/drop filter based on 2-D photonic crystal ring-resonator heterostructure 10.1186/2251-7235-6-12 EN Hamed Pezeshki Department. of Electrical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Vahid Ahmadi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractIn this paper, we propose a heterostructure multichannel add/drop filter based on 2-D photonic crystal ring-resonator in which, add and drop operations are accomplished by coupling between two W1 waveguides. The wavelength spacing of 10.3 nm, as well as the average cross-talk of −37.5 dB, are the other features of the proposed filter. Furthermore, nanoscale effects on the filter's performance including wavelength spacing, cross-talk amount, and dynamic response are considered. By taking into account these effects, the minimum wavelength spacing of 12 nm is obtained, whereas the filter’s cross-talk has an average of −40 dB. Simulations are performed using 2-D finite-difference time-domain calculations.

OICC PRESS Investigation of nitrogen plasma effect on the nonlinear optical properties of PMMA Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Investigation of nitrogen plasma effect on the nonlinear optical properties of PMMA 10.1186/2251-7235-6-1 EN Davoud Dorranian Plasma Physics Research Centre, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-8855-7425 Yasaman Golian Physics Department, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Alireza Hojabri Physics Department, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Journal Article 2022 12 21 Abstract Effects of low power direct current nitrogen plasma on linear and nonlinear optical properties of red BS dye-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film are studied employing different optical techniques. From spectrometry data, it is shown that applying plasma in such a low range of power does not affect the linear absorption coefficient, linear refractive index, and optical bandgap of this dye-doped polymer; however, nonlinear parameters are changed. Experiments are performed using the second harmonic of a continuous Nd-Yag laser beam at a 532-nm wavelength and 20-mW power. The effect of nonlinear refractive index of red BS dye-doped PMMA film in broadening the laser beam is observed. The optical bleaching behavior is investigated by measurement of the intensity of laser beam through the sample. Its third-order nonlinearity is measured using close and open Z-scan data. Nonlinear absorption coefficient and refractive index, as well as real and imaginary parts of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ3, are changed significantly due to plasma treatment. PACS: 42.65.-k: 42.65.An: 42.70.Jk: 61.41. + e: 71.35.Cc.

OICC PRESS Effect of different sizes of balls on crystalline size, strain, and atomic diffusion on Cu-Fe nanocrystals produced by mechanical alloying Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Effect of different sizes of balls on crystalline size, strain, and atomic diffusion on Cu-Fe nanocrystals produced by mechanical alloying 10.1186/2251-7235-6-29 EN Mohammad Reza Vaezi Division of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center Seyed Hesam Mir Shah Ghassemi Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Ali Shokuhfar Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractEffects of ball diameter on the crystalline size, induced strain, and atomic diffusion in Cu-50%Fe immiscible alloy system have been investigated. Milling parameters affect atomic diffusion in binary or ternary systems separately. The aim of this research work is to prove the fact that ball diameter is an important parameter. It is shown that different diameters can change milling power, and consequently, the final crystalline size and atomic diffusion can alter. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the effect of ball diameter. It is shown that the strain increases from 0.0025 to 0.0052, while the crystalline size decreases to 18 nm.

OICC PRESS Characterization of argon/air atmospheric pressure capacitively coupled radio frequency dielectric barrier discharge regarding parasitic capacitor at 13.56 MHz Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Characterization of argon/air atmospheric pressure capacitively coupled radio frequency dielectric barrier discharge regarding parasitic capacitor at 13.56 MHz 10.1186/2251-7235-6-32 EN Farshad Sohbatzadeh Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Science Faculty, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran Saeed Mirzanejhad Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Science Faculty, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran Hoda Mahdavi Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Science Faculty, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran Zahra Omidi Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Science Faculty, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractIn this paper, uniform argon glow discharge at atmospheric pressure in a diffuse mode driven by a 300-W radio-frequency (13.56 MHz) power supply based on dielectric barrier discharge was investigated. In this work, the effect of the parasitic capacitor on the electrical characteristics of the capacitively coupled atmospheric pressure plasma was investigated. It was revealed that more than half of the RF current is parasitic in our system as a characteristic of the capacitively coupled plasma. It was also proved that the discharge resistance and sheath capacitance increase at higher input powers while the impedance decreases. In order to recognize plasma, optical emission spectroscopy apparatus was used. Argon, oxygen, copper, and nitrogen spectrum lines were diagnosed. The plasma gas temperature and electronic excitation temperature were investigated showing a non-equilibrium discharge.

OICC PRESS A new form of Grad-Shafranov equation for a tokomak with an elongated cross section Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 A new form of Grad-Shafranov equation for a tokomak with an elongated cross section 10.1186/2251-7235-6-34 EN Alireza Seife Khajeh Marjan Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Samad Sobhanian Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractDifferent forms of the well-known Grad-Shafranov (G-S) equations that define the equilibrium behavior of tokomak plasma have been already obtained. None of these equations contain explicitly the triangularity δ and the elongation ratio ks. The aim of this work is to obtain a new form of G-S equation which includes both the triangularity and the elongation ratio. For verifying the correctness of the obtained equation, the triangularity is set to 0, which leads to a G-S equation for circular cross section. Also, the magnetic field and current density obtained from this new G-S equation is reduced to the quantities already derived for circular cross section.

OICC PRESS Diagnostic of plasma discharge parameters in helium filled dielectric barrier discharge Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Diagnostic of plasma discharge parameters in helium filled dielectric barrier discharge 10.1186/2251-7235-6-35 EN Pooja Gulati Plasma Devices Group, Microwave Tubes Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI) Udit Narayan Pal Plasma Devices Group, Microwave Tubes Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI) Mahesh Kumar Plasma Devices Group, Microwave Tubes Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI) Ram Prakash Plasma Devices Group, Microwave Tubes Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI) Vishnu Srivastava Plasma Devices Group, Microwave Tubes Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI) Vimal Vyas Department of Physics, Banasthali University, Banasthali Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractThis paper reports the plasma discharge analysis of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) source. Helium is used as a working gas. The analysis is performed at fixed working pressure and operating frequency. The investigations are carried out using sinusoidal supply for the generation of discharges where two current pulses have been observed with different polarities in one period. A homogeneous type of discharge has been observed for different operating conditions in this DBD source. Since in situ diagnostics are not possible due to the small geometries in the used DBD source, the electrical measurements and spectroscopic analysis of the discharge have been performed to analyse the plasma discharge. The electrical analysis has been carried out using equivalent electrical circuit model. The plasma density and temperature within the discharge have been estimated using line ratio technique of the observed visible neutral helium lines. The estimated electron plasma density is found to be in close proximity with the plasma simulation code ‘OOPIC Pro’.

OICC PRESS Development of low-pressure high-current plasma cathode electron gun and use of associated techniques Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Development of low-pressure high-current plasma cathode electron gun and use of associated techniques 10.1186/2251-7235-6-36 EN Udit Narayan Pal Plasma Devices Group, Microwave Tubes Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI) Niraj Kumar Plasma Devices Group, Microwave Tubes Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI) Deepak Kumar Verma Plasma Devices Group, Microwave Tubes Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI) Jitendra Prajapati Plasma Devices Group, Microwave Tubes Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI) Mahesh Kumar Plasma Devices Group, Microwave Tubes Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI) Vishnu Srivastava Plasma Devices Group, Microwave Tubes Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI) Harish Kumar Dwivedi Samtel Color Limited, Village Chhapraula Ram Prakash Plasma Devices Group, Microwave Tubes Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI) Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractA plasma cathode electron (PCE) gun has capabilities for generating high-current, broad, and focused beams for plasma-assisted microwave sources. A pseudospark-based hollow cathode PCE gun has been designed and developed for microwave generation which is operated in argon atmosphere. An analysis of the electron beam profile inside the drift space at different operating conditions has been carried out. This has been performed at several axial and radial locations inside the drift space which shows coherent phases of beam profiles in radial direction. The focusing and defocusing points in axial direction are also obtained. The beam current at different axial location for different applied voltages has been estimated. The obtained beam current is in close agreement with the beam current estimated by the particle-in-cell simulation code for the same geometry.

OICC PRESS Thermoelectric power of metallic Rb3C60: phonon-drag and carrier diffusion contributions Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Thermoelectric power of metallic Rb3C60: phonon-drag and carrier diffusion contributions 10.1186/2251-7235-6-37 EN Dinesh Varshney Materials Science Laboratory, School of Physics, Vigyan Bhawan, Devi Ahilya University Namita Singh Department of Physics, Ranchi College, Ranchi University Ranchi Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractThermoelectric power (S) of Rb3C60 fullerides in the metallic phase is theoretically estimated. We first develop a Hamiltonian model that incorporates the scattering rates within the relaxation time approximation to estimate the phonon-drag thermoelectric power (Sphdrag) incorporating the scattering of phonons with defects, electrons as carriers, grain boundaries, and phonon-phonon interactions. As a next step, Mott expression within parabolic band approximation is used to analyze the electron diffusive thermoelectric power (Scdiff) using Fermi energy as electron parameter, and Scdiff shows a linear temperature dependence. The Sphdrag is nonzero in both normal and superconducting states. Its behavior is determined by competition among the several operating scattering rates for heat carriers and a balance between diffusive carrier and phonon-drag contributions. Acoustic phonons are effectively scattered by various scatterers for the thermoelectric power. S infers a change in slope above transition temperature and becomes almost linear above 70 K.

OICC PRESS Radio-frequency Ar plasma treatment on muga silk fiber: correlation between physicochemical and surface morphology Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Radio-frequency Ar plasma treatment on muga silk fiber: correlation between physicochemical and surface morphology 10.1186/2251-7235-6-39 EN Dolly Gogoi Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Joyanti Chutia Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Arup Jyoti Choudhury Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Arup Ratan Pal Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology 0000-0003-3893-1305 Dinkar Patil Laser and Plasma Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractRadio-frequency (RF) Ar plasma treatment is carried out on natural muga silk fibers in a capacitively coupled plasma reactor. The physical and thermal properties of the muga fibers are investigated at an RF power of 20 W and in the treatment time range of 5 to 20 min. The virgin and plasma-treated muga fibers are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The effect of Ar plasma treatment can be observed only on the outermost layer of the muga fibers without any significant variation in their bulk and thermal properties, as supported by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Improvement in tensile strength and hydrophobicity of the plasma-treated muga fibers is observed at lower treatment time and RF power. Attempts are made to correlate the properties of the plasma-treated muga fibers with their surface chemistry and surface morphologies.

OICC PRESS Analysis of discharge parameters and optimization study of coaxial DBDs for efficient excimer light sources Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Analysis of discharge parameters and optimization study of coaxial DBDs for efficient excimer light sources 10.1186/2251-7235-6-41 EN Udit Narayan Pal Plasma Devices Group, Microwave Tubes Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI) Pooja Gulati Plasma Devices Group, Microwave Tubes Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI) Niraj Kumar Plasma Devices Group, Microwave Tubes Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI) Mahesh Kumar Plasma Devices Group, Microwave Tubes Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI) Vishnu Srivastava Plasma Devices Group, Microwave Tubes Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI) Ram Prakash Plasma Devices Group, Microwave Tubes Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI) Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractIn this work, a xenon-filled quartz coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) tube (ID 6 mm, OD 12 mm) at 400-mbar pressure has been studied at different operating conditions. High-frequency sinusoidal and unipolar pulse-like voltages are applied at the discharge electrodes for the generation of micro-discharge plasma. Visual images of the discharge and the electrical waveform confirm the diffused-type discharge. The mechanism that is involved in the ignition, development and extinction of DBDs is quantitatively explained by dynamic processes in the discharge. An equivalent electrical model representing the DBD phenomenon has also been used to validate the characteristic discharge parameters. The relative intensity analysis of the Xe continuum peak at wavelength 172 nm in the optical emission spectra of the vacuum ultraviolet region has been carried out for different operating conditions. Approximately three times increment in the radiation is observed in pulse excitation over sinusoidal excitation. It infers that the pulsed excitation of DBD sources is advantageous for excimer light sources.

OICC PRESS Atomic transport and surface properties of some simple liquid metal using one component plasma system Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Atomic transport and surface properties of some simple liquid metal using one component plasma system 10.1186/2251-7235-6-43 EN Yogeshkumar A Sonvane Department of Applied Physics, S. V. National Institute of Technology Pankajsinh B Thakor Department of Physics, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University Ashwin R Jani Department of Physics, Sardar Patel University Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractIn the present paper, we have calculated diffusion coefficient, viscosity coefficient, and surface tension of liquid metals near melting point (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Al, Pb, and Bi). We have applied our newly constructed model potential to describe electron ion interaction with one component plasma reference system. We have also investigated the effect of different correction functions such as those of Hartree, Hubbard and Sham, Vashista and Singwi, Taylor, Ichimaru and Utsumi, Farid et al., and Sarkar et al. on the above-said properties. It is observed that the present results are found to be in good agreement with those of experimental data as well as with other theoretical results.

OICC PRESS Surface wave excitations on magnetized over-dense plasma Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Surface wave excitations on magnetized over-dense plasma 10.1186/2251-7235-6-9 EN Sedigheh Miraboutalebi Department of Physics, Islamic Azad University L Rajaee Department of Physics, University of Qom, Qom, Iran L Farhang Matin Department of Physics, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractThe dominant procedure for the transmission of electromagnetic waves on an over-dense plasma layer is the excitation of surface waves. The conditions for this wave excitation on the surface of over-dense plasma, hence, become important. Here, the dispersion relation for the surface wave excitation on an over-dense plasma medium which is exposed to a magnetic field is studied. These investigations lead to the condition required for producing the surface waves. By this dispersion condition, an analytical function for the wave vector in terms of the phase velocity and the cyclotron and collision frequencies is established. Specifically, the outgoings of these dependencies and also the condition for exciting more stable waves are discussed.

OICC PRESS Gradient effects on dust lattice waves in paramagnetic dusty plasma crystals Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Gradient effects on dust lattice waves in paramagnetic dusty plasma crystals 10.1186/2251-7235-6-2 EN Mehran Shahmansouri Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran 0000-0002-1810-3206 Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractDust lattice modes are studied in a hexagonal two-dimensional lattice in plasma crystal, including paramagnetic dust particles. The gradients of magnetic fields, electric fields, and dust charge and also the interaction of dipole-dipole take into account. These gradients modify the levitation condition and affect the frequencies of dust lattice waves. The coupling between in-plane and out-of-plane modes gives rise to the hybrid mode, which is always an unstable mode. However, intersection of the in-plane mode with other modes does not result in mode-coupling instability.

OICC PRESS Conformal graviton two-point function in de Sitter space Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Conformal graviton two-point function in de Sitter space 10.1186/2251-7235-6-44 EN Mosen Dehghani Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ilam University Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractThe conformally invariant linearized de Sitter gravitational wave equation has recently received a lot of attention. In this article, using the ambient space notations, we solve this field equation in five various cases. In each case, it has been shown that the solution can be written as the product of a generalized symmetric polarization tensor of rank 2 and a massless minimally or conformally coupled scalar field in de Sitter space-time. The conformally covariant graviton two-point functions have been calculated in terms of the massless minimally or conformally coupled scalar two-point functions, using ambient space notations. In the case of massless minimally coupled scalar field, the Krien space quantization has been used to avoid the violation of de Sitter invariance. The two-point functions are expressed in terms of de Sitter intrinsic coordinates from their ambient space counterparts, which are free of any theoretical problem.

OICC PRESS Phonon-induced superconductivity and physical properties in intercalated fullerides Rb3C60 Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Phonon-induced superconductivity and physical properties in intercalated fullerides Rb3C60 10.1186/2251-7235-6-25 EN Dinesh Varshney Materials Science Laboratory, School of Physics, Vigyan Bhawan, Devi Ahilya University Rajendra Jain Materials Science Laboratory, School of Physics, Vigyan Bhawan, Devi Ahilya University Namita Singh Department of Physics, Ranchi College, Ranchi University Ranchi Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractThe nature of electron pairing mechanism and physical properties leading to superconducting state and normal state resistivity in alkali metal (Rb) intercalated fullerenes are explored. Keeping in mind that free electrons in lowest molecular orbital are coupled with inter-molecular phonons, the coupling with inter-molecular phonon leads to transition temperature (Tc) of about 4.17 K. The electrons also couple with the intra-molecular phonons. Within the framework of strong coupling theory, Tc is estimated at 34 K. The carbon isotope effect exponent, the energy gap ratio, influence of pressure and volume on Tc, and thermodynamical parameters describing the superconducting state confer that Rb3C60 as s-wave superconductor. Estimated contribution to resistivity using scattering with inter- and intra-molecular phonon, when subtracted from single crystal data, infers quadratic temperature dependence over most of the temperature range and is attributed to electron–electron inelastic scattering. Both low frequency intermolecular and high frequency intra-molecular phonons have significant bearing in Rb3C60 superconductor.

OICC PRESS Theoretical analysis and intensity calculation for the f → d absorption spectrum of Ce3+ in YAl3(BO3)4 crystal Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Theoretical analysis and intensity calculation for the f → d absorption spectrum of Ce3+ in YAl3(BO3)4 crystal 10.1186/2251-7235-6-21 EN Imen Kebaïli Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Département de Physique, Laboratoire de Physique Appliquée, Groupe de Physique Théorique, Université de Sfax Mohamed Dammak Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Département de Physique, Laboratoire de Physique Appliquée, Groupe de Physique Théorique, Université de Sfax Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractEmission, absorption, and excitation spectra of 4f → 5d transitions of Ce3+ ions in yttrium aluminum borate (YAB) crystal are reviewed and successfully reproduced by theoretical investigations. The Ce3+ energy level diagram has been compiled after a careful analysis of the optical spectra. Theoretical calculations based on free ion and crystal field Hamiltonians are used to interpret the observed transitions. The 4f and 5d crystal field parameter permits determination of the engine states of Ce3+ ion in YAB and then calculating the absorption line intensities as well as the effective section and the decay times.

OICC PRESS Application of variational Monte Carlo method to the confined helium atom Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Application of variational Monte Carlo method to the confined helium atom 10.1186/2251-7235-6-28 EN Salah B Doma Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Fatma N El-Gammal Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufiya University Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractA new application of variational Monte Carlo method is presented to study the helium atom under the compression effect of a spherical box with radius (rc). The ground-state energies of the helium atom were calculated for different values of rc. Our calculations were extended to include Li+ and Be2+ ions. The calculations were based on the use of a compact accurate trial wave function with five variational parameters. To optimize variational parameters, we used the steepest descent method. The obtained results are in good agreement with previous results.

OICC PRESS Spin–lattice coupling in iron-pnictide superconductors: a model for possible continuous phase transition Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Spin–lattice coupling in iron-pnictide superconductors: a model for possible continuous phase transition 10.1186/2251-7235-6-38 EN Chinedu E Ekuma Department of Physics, Computational Material Physics Group, University of Port Harcourt;Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University Ephriam O Chukwuocha Department of Physics, Computational Material Physics Group, University of Port Harcourt Michael C Onyeaju Department of Physics, Computational Material Physics Group, University of Port Harcourt Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractA systematic study of the dependence of the local magnetic moment, M, on the Fe-Pn layer separation has been carried out. Within the Ehrenfest classification of orders of phase transition, we propose a continuous (>2) phase transition for studying the dependence of M on the Fe-Pn layer separation. Our model is tested with available experimental data.

OICC PRESS Semi-analytic algorithms for the electrohydrodynamic flow equation Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Semi-analytic algorithms for the electrohydrodynamic flow equation 10.1186/2251-7235-6-45 EN Ram K Pandey Department of Applied Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University Department of Mathematics, Government Gundadhur Degree College Vipul K Baranwal Department of Applied Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University Chandra S Singh Department of Applied Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University Om P Singh Department of Applied Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractIn this paper, we consider the nonlinear boundary value problem for the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow of a fluid in an ion-drag configuration in a circular cylindrical conduit. This phenomenon is governed by a nonlinear second-order differential equation. The degree of nonlinearity is determined by a nondimensional parameter α. We present two semi-analytic algorithms to solve the EHD flow equation for various values of relevant parameters based on optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM) and optimal homotopy analysis method. In 1999, Paullet has shown that for large α, the solutions are qualitatively different from those calculated by Mckee in 1997. Both of our solutions obtained by OHAM and optimal homotopy analysis method are qualitatively similar with Paullet’s solutions.

OICC PRESS Computer simulation of quantum dot formation during heteroepitaxial growth of thin films Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Computer simulation of quantum dot formation during heteroepitaxial growth of thin films 10.1186/2251-7235-6-46 EN Mehran Gholipour Shahraki Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Arak University Esmat Esmaili Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Arak University Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractInfluence of mismatch on quantum dot formation during heteroepitaxial growth of thin films with zinc blende structure on GaAs substrate is investigated. A kinetic Monte Carlo model is used for simulation of thin films with different values of lattice mismatch in the range of 4% to 14%. Simulation is performed at a substrate temperature of 700 K and deposition rate of 0.3 ML/s. Also, ‘reflection high-energy electron diffraction’ (RHEED) intensity of simulated thin films is evaluated during growth. Results of simulation show that at constant temperature and deposition rate, quantum dot size decreases with increasing lattice mismatch, and their distribution function becomes sharp. Simulated RHEED oscillations have a good agreement with morphology of simulated thin films, and results show that growth mode changed from Stranski-Krastanov to Volmer Webber by increasing lattice mismatch.

OICC PRESS Williamson-Hall analysis in estimation of lattice strain in nanometer-sized ZnO particles Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Williamson-Hall analysis in estimation of lattice strain in nanometer-sized ZnO particles 10.1186/2251-7235-6-6 EN VD Mote Department of Physics, Materials Research Laboratory, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Y Purushotham Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology, HCL (PO) BN Dole Department of Physics, Materials Research Laboratory, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractZnO nanoparticles were prepared by coprecipitation method at 450C. X-ray diffraction result indicates that the sample is having a crystalline wurtzite phase. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) result reveals that the ZnO sample is spherical in shape with an average grain size of about 50nm. X-ray peak broadening analysis was used to evaluate the crystalline sizes and lattice strain by the Williamson-Hall (W-H) analysis. All other relevant physical parameters such as strain, stress, and energy density values were also calculated using W-H analysis with different models, viz, uniform deformation model, uniform deformation stress model and uniform deformation energy density model. The root mean square strain was determined from the interplanar spacing and strain estimated from the three models. The three models yield different strain values; it may be due to the anisotropic nature of the material. The mean particle size of ZnO nanoparticles estimated from TEM analysis, Scherrers formula and W-H analysis is highly intercorrelated.

OICC PRESS Oblique propagating whistler mode wave with parallel AC electric field at magnetosphere of Uranus Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Oblique propagating whistler mode wave with parallel AC electric field at magnetosphere of Uranus 10.1186/2251-7235-6-31 EN Rama Shankar Pandey Department of Applied Physics, Amity Institute of Applied Science, Amity University Shailendra Kumar Department of Physics, Nalanda College-Biharsharif, Magadh University Mukesh Kumar Department of Physics, Nalanda College-Biharsharif, Magadh University Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractOblique propagating electromagnetic whistler mode instability has been studied having a k vector at angle to ambient magnetic field for bi-Maxwellian distribution function with parallel AC electric field in the magnetosphere of Uranus. The dispersion relation and growth rate have been calculated for plasma parameters suited to the magnetosphere of Uranus by using the method of characteristic solutions and kinetic approach. The effect of AC electric field and temperature anisotropy for oblique propagating electromagnetic whistler mode instability has been reported and discussed in the ‘results and discussion section. The comparisons have been made with observations made by Voyager 2. It is found that whistler mode emissions observed at lower radial distances cannot reproduce in our calculations. The present studies should be helpful in making estimates on the scattering properties of whistler mode waves and, thus, contribute to a better understanding of auroral activity in the planetary atmosphere.

OICC PRESS Investigation on the dependence of optical spectra of silver chiral nanostructures on shape, dimensions and incident light by discrete dipole approximation Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Investigation on the dependence of optical spectra of silver chiral nanostructures on shape, dimensions and incident light by discrete dipole approximation 10.1186/2251-7235-6-11 EN Fatemeh Abdi Department of Physics, University of Tehran Hadi Savaloni School of Physics, College of Science, University of Tehran, North‑Kargar Street, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-6836-106X Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractExtinction spectra of chiral silver nanostructures are calculated by means of Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA). Dependence of Plasmonic peaks to both structural parameters of nanostructures and direction of the incident light are obtained. This dependence is investigated on variation of chiral dimensions, chiral shape and direction of incident light. We have observed a resonance peak of transverse mode (TM) for the extinction spectra of chiral structure at normal incidence. However, for oblique angle incident light, in addition to the TM mode, a longitudinal mode (LM) appears at longer wavelengths. The latter undergoes a shift to longer wavelengths with increasing the diameter of chirl arm. When the cross-section of chiral is changed to an oval this resonance peak disappears, while some other peaks appear at longer wavelengths that were not present for a chiral with circular cross-section. Extinction spectra of chiral nanostructure with different structural parameters and different rise angles (slanted chirals) showed dependence on the incident light direction.

OICC PRESS An analytic algorithm of Lane-Emden-type equations arising in astrophysics – a hybrid approach Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 An analytic algorithm of Lane-Emden-type equations arising in astrophysics – a hybrid approach 10.1186/2251-7235-6-22 EN Vipul K Baranwal Department of Applied Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University Ram K Pandey Department of Applied Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University Department of Mathematics, Government Gundadhur Degree College Manoj P Tripathi Department of Applied Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University Department of Mathematics, Udai Pratap Autonomous College Om P Singh Department of Applied Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractA new analytic algorithm for Lane-Emden equations is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm is obtained by using a new iterative method. The new iterative method is a hybrid of variational iteration method and the Adomian decomposition method and further refined by introducing a new correction functional. This new correction functional is obtained from the standard correction functional of variational iteration method by introducing an auxiliary parameter γ in it. Further, a sequenceGnx, with suitably chosen support, is also introduced in the new correction functional. The algorithm is easy to implement and gives fairly accurate solutions. Several test examples are given establishing the accuracy and the efficiency of the algorithm.

OICC PRESS Kaluza-Klein interacting cosmic fluid cosmological model Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Kaluza-Klein interacting cosmic fluid cosmological model 10.1186/2251-7235-6-33 EN Kishor S Adhav Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University Meena V Dawande Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University Soniya M Borikar Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractIn this paper, we have presented a power law scaling Kaluza-Klein cosmological model dominated by two interacting perfect fluid components during expansion. Barotropic equations of state for pressure and density are considered to get determinate solutions of the field equations. We have shown that the components are not conserved separately because of mutual interaction between the two fluids, and the energy densities are proportional to 1t2.

OICC PRESS Linear energy-momentum tensor for a scalar field in de Sitter space Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Linear energy-momentum tensor for a scalar field in de Sitter space 10.1186/2251-7235-6-24 EN Mohammad Reza Tanhayi Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch (IAUCTB), P.O. Box 14676‑86831, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-0907-4842 Sepideh Mirabi Department of Physics, Islamic Azad University Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractIn this work, under a small perturbation of the background metric with the squeezing of other fields (scalar field in our case), the linear form of the energy-momentum tensor is calculated in terms of the perturbation factor. The linear form of the Klein-Gordon equation for a scalar field with both minimally and conformally coupled cases in de Sitter and flat metrics are also calculated.

OICC PRESS Wigner distribution function of superposed quantum states for a time-dependent oscillator-like Hamiltonian system Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Wigner distribution function of superposed quantum states for a time-dependent oscillator-like Hamiltonian system 10.1186/2251-7235-6-26 EN Jeong Ryeol Choi Department of Radiologic Technology, Daegu Health College Ji Nny Song Department of Safety Engineering, Chungbuk National University Seong Ju Hong Department of Safety Engineering, Chungbuk National University Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractA phase space distribution function of quantum mechanics, so-called the Wigner distribution function (WDF), for superposed states of the general time-dependent oscillator-like Hamiltonian system is investigated. Superposition of not only two different coherent states but also two different squeezed states are considered respectively. Analytical representation of WDF for the superposition states is derived rigorously on the basis of fundamental relations. We confirmed the existence of nonclassical properties in the system from the appearance of interference term in the WDF.

OICC PRESS Micro-Raman studies on thermally evaporated Ag2Se thin films Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Micro-Raman studies on thermally evaporated Ag2Se thin films 10.1186/2251-7235-6-7 EN Mariappan Pandiarama Department of Physics, Sethu Institute of Technology Natarajan Soundararajan Thin film Lab, School of Physics, Madurai Kamaraj University 0000-0003-3208-6964 Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractSilver selenide (Ag2Se) thin films of thickness between 80 and 160 nm were prepared by thermal evaporation method. From XRD studies, the structure of the prepared film is confirmed to exhibit orthorhombic structure with polycrystalline nature. The average grain size of Ag2Se has been determined as 43 nm. EDAX spectra of these films were taken, and its composition ratio has been analyzed. Micro-Raman spectra of bulk and their films have been recorded with He-Ne laser source at room temperature. Raman peaks are observed at 232, 455, 566 and 815 cm−1. These peaks are assigned to their corresponding modes of vibrations.

OICC PRESS The generalized second law of thermodynamics in f(R) gravity for various choices of scale factor Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 The generalized second law of thermodynamics in f(R) gravity for various choices of scale factor 10.1186/2251-7235-6-27 EN Rahul Ghosh Department of Mathematics, Bhairab Ganguly College Surajit Chattopadhyay Department of Computer Application (Mathematics Section), Pailan College of Management and Technology, West Bengal University of Technology 0000-0003-0666-1347 Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractThe present study is aimed at investigating the validity of the generalized second law (GSL) of thermodynamics in f(R) gravity. Choosing f(R)=R+ξRμ+ζR−ν with ξ,μ,ζ, ν > 0 (following the study of Nojiri and Odintsov in 2003), we have computed the time derivatives of total entropy for various choices of scale factor pertaining to emergent, intermediate, and logamediate scenarios of the universe. We have taken into account the radii of Hubble, apparent, particle, and event horizons while computing the time derivatives of entropy under various situations being considered. After analyzing through the plots of time derivative of total entropy against cosmic time, it is observed that the derivative always stays at positive level. This indicates the validity of GSL of thermodynamics in the f(R) gravity irrespective of the choices of scale factor and enveloping horizon.

OICC PRESS Modification of surface properties of bell metal by radiofrequency plasma polymerization Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Modification of surface properties of bell metal by radiofrequency plasma polymerization 10.1186/2251-7235-6-40 EN Joyanti Chutia Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Arup Jyoti Choudhury Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Arup Ratan Pal Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology 0000-0003-3893-1305 Dolly Gogoi Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractRadiofrequency (RF) plasma polymerization is a convenient thin film deposition process as it facilitates the synthesis of polymer films with stable physico-chemical properties suitable for various applications in microelectronic, optical, and biomedical fields. The unique properties of these plasma polymerized films as compared to the conventional ones are strongly related to the proper adjustment of the external plasma discharge parameters and selection of suitable monomer. It is also important to study the fundamental chemistry of RF plasma polymerization process, so that one can successfully correlate the internal features of the discharge with the film properties and explore their possible technological applications. The possibility of using styrene-based plasma polymer (SPP) films on bell metal as protective coatings is explored in this work. Depositions of the films are carried out in RF Ar/styrene discharge at working pressure of 1.2 × 10−1 mbar and at the RF power range of 20 to 110 W. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is used to study the active species generated during plasma polymerization, while Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are used to analyze the internal chemical structures of the films. The protective performances of the SPP films are attempted to correlate with the results obtained from OES, FT-IR, and XPS analyses.

OICC PRESS Experimental results of thep+d⇌3He+γ reactions up to 450 MeV Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Experimental results of thep+d⇌3He+γ reactions up to 450 MeV 10.1186/2251-7235-6-23 EN Ali Akbar Mehmandoost-Khajeh-Dad Department of Physics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan 0000-0001-8339-4778 Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractAbstractExperiments on proton-deuteron radiative capture and the inverse reaction, the photo-disintegration of 3He, performed since 1963, up to the intermediate energies are reviewed. Differential cross sections in the center-of-mass system for the radiative capture (θγc.m.=90°) and the inverse reaction (θpc.m.=90°) as a function of photon energy are presented. The experimental data are compared with a calculation based on CD-Bonn+Δ with the hadronic potential including Coulomb and relativistic 1N current corrections. This study demonstrates a success for time-reversal invariance for the electromagnetic interaction, except for 35

OICC PRESS Influence of periodically propagating impurity and accompanying time variation of impurity spread on excitation profile of doped quantum dots Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Influence of periodically propagating impurity and accompanying time variation of impurity spread on excitation profile of doped quantum dots 10.1186/2251-7235-6-42 EN Suvajit Pal Department of Chemistry, Hetampur Raj High School Manas Ghosh Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Visva Bharati University Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractWe investigate the excitation behavior of a repulsive impurity-doped quantum dot induced by the simultaneous oscillations of the impurity coordinate and spatial stretch of the impurity domain. We have considered repulsive Gaussian impurity centers. The ratio of two oscillations (η) has been exploited to understand the nature of the excitation rate. Indeed, it has been found that the said ratio could orchestrate the excitation in a most elegant way. In conjunction with the ratio, the dopant location also plays some important role towards modulating the excitation rate. The present study also indicates attainment of stabilization in the excitation rate as soon as η exceeds a threshold value irrespective of the dopant location. Moreover, prior to the onset of stabilization, we also envisage maximization/minimization in the excitation rate at some typical η values depending on the dopant location. The critical dissection of the characteristics of various impurity parameters provides important insight into the physics underlying the excitation process.

OICC PRESS On the discrete dipole approximation investigation of the extinction spectra of Ag/glass nano-flower thin film with threefold symmetry Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 On the discrete dipole approximation investigation of the extinction spectra of Ag/glass nano-flower thin film with threefold symmetry 10.1186/2251-7235-6-4 EN Fatemeh Abdi Department of Physics, University of Tehran Araz Siabi-Gerjan Department of Physics, University of Tehran Hadi Savaloni School of Physics, College of Science, University of Tehran, North‑Kargar Street, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-6836-106X Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractThe use of glancing angle deposition technique provides opportunities for the deposition of sculptured nanostructures of different shape. The optical properties of such nanostructures that are a function of the shape of these nanostructures may be investigated, using the discrete dipole approximation theory which is an appropriate method for solving the light scattering problem from objects of different shape and geometry. In this paper, the extinction spectra of Ag/glass-sculptured nano-flowers with threefold symmetry are modeled and calculated, while the results are compared with similar experimental observations. In modeling the nano-flower-shaped sculptured thin films, it is proposed that the nano-flower is formed as a combination of two chiral thin films with different dimensions. This structure was replaced with 1,405 electrical dipoles, and its extinction spectrum was calculated as a function of incident light angle and azimuthal angle. The extinction spectrum consists of both transverse and longitudinal modes of oscillations. The results showed that by increasing the incident angle, due to increase of amplitude of electrical oscillations, transverse oscillations shift towards longer wavelengths. It was also observed that at azimuthal angles close to nano-flower petals, where sharp points or recesses may exist, the intensity of extinction spectrum for longitudinal mode (long wavelengths in the extinction spectrum) increases.

OICC PRESS Torsion of space-time in f (R) gravity Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Torsion of space-time in f (R) gravity 10.1186/2251-7235-6-10 EN Majid Mohsenzadeh Department of Physics, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran 0000-0001-5665-5610 Ebrahim Yusofi Department of Physics, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran 0000-0003-2201-2072 Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractIn this paper, we first review some aspects of the f(R) gravity, and then the concept of the torsion of space-time due to metric-affine formalism in f(R) gravity is studied. Within this formalism, in which the matter action is supposed to be dependent on the connection, we achieve interesting cases including nonzero torsion tensor. Then with the physical interpretation of the torsion of space-time in high energy limit, the modified expression of Mach’s principle in a very strong gravitational region is obtained.

OICC PRESS Comparison of the triboluminescent properties for europium tetrakis and ZnS:Mn powders Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Comparison of the triboluminescent properties for europium tetrakis and ZnS:Mn powders 10.1186/2251-7235-6-15 EN Ross S Fontenot Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics, Alabama A&M University, Alabama, United States 0000-0002-9555-0878 William A Hollerman Department of Physics, University of Louisiana at Lafayette Kamala N Bhat Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics, Alabama A&M University, Alabama, United States 0000-0002-9926-7332 Mohan D Aggarwal Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics, Alabama A&M University, Alabama, United States Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractIn 2006, some authors determined that the triboluminescence (TL) of manganese-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Mn) increases with increasing impact velocity. In 2011, the authors discovered a method of synthesizing europium dibenzoylmethide triethylammonium (EuD4TEA) that produced TL 106% greater than ZnS:Mn. In fact, this material is bright enough to be seen in daylight. This paper investigates the effects of increasing impact energy on the TL of EuD4TEA and various grain sizes of ZnS:Mn using a drop tower. The low energy results indicate that increasing impact energy can increase the triboluminescent light yield for impact energies up to 1.4 J, the upper limit of the drop tower. The minimum activation energies required for each material are also explored. In addition, the effects of the increasing impact energy on the triboluminescent decay time are also investigated. The details of the experimental setup, synthesis of EuD4TEA, and results are discussed in this paper.

OICC PRESS Temperature dependence dielectric behavior of Ge-doped lead scandium tantalate single crystals Volume 6 (2012) Issue 1 2022 12 21 Temperature dependence dielectric behavior of Ge-doped lead scandium tantalate single crystals 10.1186/2251-7235-6-8 EN Chandra Kumar Dixit Department of Physics, Feroze Gandhi Institute of Engineering and Technology Anil Kumar Srivastava Central Laboratory of Material Science, Kamla Nehru Institute of Physical and Social Sciences 0000-0003-1089-1321 Journal Article 2022 12 21 AbstractThe doping of Pb2SeTaO6 with Ge ferroelectrics was produced by a high-temperature solution method. We measure dielectric constant, dielectric loss and conductivity in the temperature range −30°C to 200°C and frequency range 1 to 100 KHz. The value of dielectric constant of the Pb2SeTaO6 (PST) crystal remained the same after thermal annealing whereas they decreased after Ge doping in the phase transition temperature range of the PST single crystal. All samples were investigated for conductivity with increasing temperature.