OICC PRESS Modifying and adjusting features of ZnO-based UV sensors through singly- and co-doping with Ti and Zr using low current sputtering technique Volume 15 (2021) Issue 1, January 2021 2022 12 28 Modifying and adjusting features of ZnO-based UV sensors through singly- and co-doping with Ti and Zr using low current sputtering technique 10.30495/jtap.152101 EN Nader Madani-Mashaei Department of Physics, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I. R. Iran 0000-0001-6832-1482 Ebrahim Asl Soleimani Department of Physics, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I. R. Iran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, I. R. Iran 0000-0003-0006-9094 Hamidreza Shirvani-Mahdavi Department of Physics, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I. R. Iran. 0000-0002-0665-1299 Journal Article 2022 12 28 The possibility of modifying and adjusting the properties of ZnO-based sensors in the post-fabrication stage is demonstrated by singly- and co-sputtering of ZnO thin films with zirconium and titanium nanoparticles. First, thin films of zinc oxide are created on glass substrates by sol-gel process and spin coating, and some of these films are converted to UV sensors through electrode placement on them by thermal evaporation method. Then, a number of the initial detectors are singly- and co-doped with Ti and Zr using sputtering deposition technique. Experiments show that the modification and adjustment of the parameters of the sensors through low current sputtering technique (LCST) is possible more efficiently and controllably. The transient response of all sensors are measured using I-t tests with periodic UV illumination before and after sputtering. Comparison of the results before and after doping shows that the photoresponsivity is improved on all doped sensors, and in many cases, a simultaneous improvement in this quantity and rise time is observed. In the best-case scenario, relative to undoped sensors, the photoresponsivity of the sensors doped with zirconium increases by more than 429 times, while the rise time of the sensors co-doped with titanium and zirconium decreases to less than 50%. This experience indicates that the modification and adjustment of the properties of ZnO-based sensors and actuators after electrode placement, to a large extent, is possible through LCST. It is noteworthy that this can be performed depending on the need and selectively in the shortest time, at the lowest cost.

OICC PRESS Analytical approach for the use of different gauges in bubble wakefield acceleration Volume 15 (2021) Issue 1, January 2021 2022 12 28 Analytical approach for the use of different gauges in bubble wakefield acceleration 10.30495/jtap.152102 EN Hitendra K Malik Plasma Waves and Particle Acceleration Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India 0000-0002-9432-8140 Sonu Kumar Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi - 110016, India Vidushi Dhaka Springdale College, Surbhi Colony, Madhotanda Road, Pilibhit, Uttar Pradesh – 262001, India Dhananjay K Singh Department of Physics, PKRM College, Dhanbad - 826004, Jharkhand, India Journal Article 2022 12 28 Laser and plasma interaction leads to several fascinating nonlinear phenomena, out of which bubble wakefield excitation is one of the recent interests. This field is used for the particle acceleration, which is very useful for high energy physics, betatron radiation emission, cancer therapy, etc. In the present work, an electromagnetic field is evaluated in bubble wakefield regime and the shape of the bubble is shown to be controlled by d’Alembert differential equations and different Gauge conditions. Wakefield potential is calculated in different bubble regimes such as spherical, longitudinal ellipsoid, transverse ellipsoid bubble regimes. A geometrical parameter is found to decide the size of the bubble. A detailed study of the same is conducted under the effect of different electron residual density. A comparative study of different Gauge conditions shows that the accelerator gradient is maximum in transverse ellipsoid bubble case. Also, energy gain in dephasing length is evaluated that shows maximum energy when bubble assumes transverse ellipsoid shape.

OICC PRESS Holographic uncomplexity in the hyperscaling violating backgrounds Volume 15 (2021) Issue 1, January 2021 2022 12 28 Holographic uncomplexity in the hyperscaling violating backgrounds 10.30495/jtap.152103 EN Zahra Borvayeh Department of Physics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Tanhayi Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch (IAUCTB), P.O. Box 14676‑86831, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-0907-4842 Shahnoosh Rafibakhsh Department of Physics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2022 12 28 In this paper, using complexity equals action proposal, we investigate holographic complexity for hyperscaling violating theories on different subregions of space-time enclosed by the null boundaries. By recalling the computation of on-shell action for certain subregions of the intersection between the Wheeler DeWitt patch, as well as, the future interior of a two-sided black brane, we are interested in computing uncomplexity in the hyperscaling violating theories. We show that the dynamical exponent plays a crucial rule in computing the rate of complexification. However, at the late time, the rate of the complexity growth is independent of the hyperscaling parameters. Moreover, we compute holographic uncomplexity in hyperscaling violating backgrounds and show when a black hole is formed, uncomplexity is the total space-time volume which is accessible to an observer who decides to pass over the horizon. Therefore, uncomplexity could be considered as a resource which indicates the computational power of a system. In fact, it can extract and analyze the useful information from the system.

OICC PRESS Detection of mercaptopurine drug by T4,4,4-graphyne and the effect of applied electric field: A density functional theory study Volume 15 (2021) Issue 1, January 2021 2022 12 28 Detection of mercaptopurine drug by T4,4,4-graphyne and the effect of applied electric field: A density functional theory study 10.30495/jtap.152104 EN Roya Majidi Department of Physics, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Lavizan, 16788-15811 Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-8451-3695 Journal Article 2022 12 28 In the present work, adsorption of mercaptopurine (MP) drug on T4,4,4-graphyne sheet is examined by using density functional theory to explore the feasibility of T4,4,4-graphyne based sensor. The most stable configuration, charge transfer, adsorption energy, electronic band structures, and density of states are determined. It is found that weak physical adsorption with small charge transfer from T4,4,4-graphyne to MP drug took place. T4,4,4-graphyne sheet is an intrinsic semiconductor with a direct band gap. The energy band gap of T4,4,4-graphyne sheet is sensitive to the MP adsorption and decreases with any decrease in the concentration of the MP drug. Hence, T4,4,4-graphyne is a good candidate to detect the MP drug and its concentration. The electronic properties of T4,4,4-graphyne sheet with adsorbed MP are remarkably modulated by applying a perpendicular electric field. The results reveal that applying the electric field is a helpful method to improve the sensing performance of T4,4,4-graphyne sheet.

OICC PRESS Effect of hydrothermal temperature on the photocatalytic activity of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles Volume 15 (2021) Issue 1, January 2021 2022 12 28 Effect of hydrothermal temperature on the photocatalytic activity of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles 10.30495/jtap.152105 EN Malligavathy Rajakumar Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli - 627012, Tamilnadu, India 0000-0001-6915-7178 Pathinettam Padiyan Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Journal Article 2022 12 28 We report the significance of hydrothermal temperature of TiO2 nanoparticles on the crystallinity, band gap and the photocatalytic degradation of congo red dye. These nanoparticles are synthesized by hydrothermal method at 120 ˚C, 140 ˚C and 160 ˚C. The anatase phases of the samples are confirmed from the X-ray diffraction pattern and the surface morphology of the sample is visualized in a high-resolution scanning electron microscope. The observed optical band gap value supported that TiO2 nanoparticles can be used as a visible light photocatalytic which is also in agreement with the photoluminescence spectrum. TiO2 nanoparticles prepared at 160 ˚C degrades 98.3 % of congo red in 90 min and the kinetics of degradation is analysed using both pseudo first (Langmuir Hinshelwood model) and second order equations. It is found that the pseudo second order (Blanchard) equation fits well for the whole range of degradation with the correlation coefficient of 0.9999.

OICC PRESS Gas plasma for cancer treatment: Current insight and future trends Volume 15 (2021) Issue 1, January 2021 2022 12 28 Gas plasma for cancer treatment: Current insight and future trends 10.30495/jtap.152106 EN Milad Rasouli Plasma Medicine Group, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences 0000-0002-4006-2148 Journal Article 2022 12 28 Cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide and facing the healthcare system with major challenges due to the inadequate efficacy of current onco-therapeutic agents. Compared to the current therapeutic modalities, gas plasma oncotherapy leading to outstanding outcomes owing to its multimodal nature and adjustable dose nature. Reactive agents are produced in the interaction of plasma plume with air, liquid, and cells, resulting in dose-dependent selective cell deaths. Gas plasma oncology aims to utilize medical gas plasma for cancer treatment, which exhibits a great anti-cancer platform. In this review, gas plasma oncotherapy from main indicators to state-of-the-art topics comprehensively is presented. Moreover, we focus on the nexus between plasma-generated chemical and physical effects and desirable biological responses and discuss the precise role of these agents in the treatment procedures. Additionally, plasma dose as dependent on the input parameters and process factors is defined. Molecular and selectivity mechanisms of gas plasma oncotherapy are discussed in detail. Finally, the current challenges in gas plasma oncotherapy are presented and future trends are discussed.

OICC PRESS Non-singular model of universe Volume 15 (2021) Issue 1, January 2021 2022 12 28 Non-singular model of universe 10.30495/jtap.152107 EN Seyed Ali Sebt Department of Physics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-6594-012X Mohamad Reza Abolhassani Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Ana Khajehnezhad Department of Physics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2022 12 28 Einstein equations give minimum and maximum limits of cosmic scale factor by considering pressure. The contraction before expansion is like the birth of a star. As in nuclear fusion stage, the temperature and pressure of the star depends on its mass, in the order of magnitude of universe mass fusion after gravitational contraction brings about explosion. This does not require to accept the big bang singularity. Explosions have thrown external layers and formed parts of the expanding cosmos in several stages. In observable part of the universe high percentage of dark energy and dark matter confirms that these are the remains of other parts of the cosmos. Neutrinos being highly energetic and without any interaction are the most suitable candidates for dark energy and massive black holes being found at the central part of galaxies and in stellar clusters are the most suitable candidates for dark matter. We dealt with the problem of horizon by considering the idea of step- by step explosions.

OICC PRESS Application of four-wave mixing for estimation of nonlinear parameters in compact ring cavity laser based on Bi-EDF Volume 15 (2021) Issue 1, January 2021 2022 12 28 Application of four-wave mixing for estimation of nonlinear parameters in compact ring cavity laser based on Bi-EDF 10.30495/jtap.152108 EN Sharifeh Shahi Laser and Biophotonics in Biotechnologies Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Department of Biomedical Engineering, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0001-8269-7443 Sasan Soudi Laser and Biophotonics in Biotechnologies Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Department of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Health and Medical Engineering, Tehran Medical Sciences Yalda Ghorbani Laser and Biophotonics in Biotechnologies Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Islamic Azad University Majlesi branch/Faculty of electrical and computer engineering, Isfahan, Iran Bahareh Khaksar Jalali Laser and Biophotonics in Biotechnologies Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Sulaiman Wadi Harun Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Journal Article 2022 12 28 One of the main degradation effects of optical fibres with dense channel width and poor chromatic dispersion on the fiber is four-wave mixing (FWM). Cross talk produced by four-wave mixing in optical fibers limits the efficiency of long-distance wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) optical communication systems, which can be regulated for non-linearity purposes in optical telecommunication, particularly when channel wavelengths are set near the zero-dispersion wavelength of optical fibers. As a result, a small fiber segment with a high nonlinearity can be used to support the FWM. Using the four-wave mixing method, the experimental set-up of a compact fiber ring laser based on different lengths of nonlinear Bismuth-Erbium doped fiber (Bi-EDF, 181 and 215 cm) is used in this paper. Via the degenerate four-wave mixing effect, these two gain nonlinear media have been successfully used to stabilize a dual-wavelength fiber laser with and without nonlinear photonic crystal fiber (PCF) at room temperature for  and n2 estimation of nonlinear parameters and FWM performance of optical fiber. Experiments show that using a high non-linear bismuth-erbium doped fiber (Bi-EDF) in implementing an FWM program for non-linear PCF parameters has specific and unique benefits. Furthermore, the FWM effect can be used for signal amplification, wavelength transfer, phase conjugation, and high-speed optical switching. The proposed configuration's special function is explained by the Bi-EDF and PCF fiber's coupled relationship in FWM scattering.