OICC PRESS Design and fabrication of runaway probe for studying the behavior of runaway electrons in IR-T1 Tokamak Volume 14 (2020) Issue 2, January 2020 2022 12 28 Design and fabrication of runaway probe for studying the behavior of runaway electrons in IR-T1 Tokamak 10.1007/s40094-019-00366-0 EN Taher Afsari Plasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mahmoud Ghoranneviss Plasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Sakineh Meshkani Plasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Ghanbari Department of Basic Sciences, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran Journal Article 2022 12 28 AbstractSeveral theoretical and experiential studies of runaway electrons in the well-known Tokamaks of the world have been made over the past few decades. In the present study, the measurements of runaway electrons energy were carried out by a new runaway probe in the IR-T1 Tokamak. In the IR-T1 Tokamak, the hard X-ray diagnostic system is used as a diagnostic global measurement system at the vessel wall of Tokamak. Runaway probe was first designed and fabricated for local measurement near the plasma edge in IR-T1 Tokamak. The new diagnostic has the advantage that the local interaction of runaways with materials can be evaluated, along with the direct measurement of the runaway electrons. The runaway probe consists of 2 LYSO (Lu 1.8Y.2SiO5:Ce) crystals covered by a graphite housing which is shielded by tungsten filter placed in the direction of runaway electrons. The main elements of the runaway probe are LYSO crystals which convert the energy of runaway electrons into visible light which is instructed to silicon photomultipliers. The present study aimed to evaluate a new runaway probe in the IR-T1 Tokamak to detect beta and gamma rays. The results indicated that electron spectrum is between 500 keV and 2 MeV at the plasma edge in the IR-T1 Tokamak.

OICC PRESS Fabrication and characterization of PSi/nanometal hybrid structures by laser for CO gas sensor Volume 14 (2020) Issue 2, January 2020 2022 12 28 Fabrication and characterization of PSi/nanometal hybrid structures by laser for CO gas sensor 10.1007/s40094-020-00368-3 EN Amer Badr Dheyab Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq Safaa Idan Mohammed Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq 0000-0003-4080-2254 Marwa Kamal Mustafa Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq Rasha Saad Fayadh Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq Noor Luay Hussein Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq Journal Article 2022 12 28 AbstractMesoporous silicon (mesoPSi) layers fabricated by the photoelectrochemical etching (PECE) method in hydrofluoric acid (HF) are active as carbon monoxide gas sensors. The modified porous silicon (PSi) can be used with noble metals to manufacture an effective gas sensor. Embedded gold, platinum, and palladium nanoparticles Au, Pt, and Pd-NPs could modify the surface morphology of mesoPSi and form mesoPSi/AuPtPd-NPs hybrid structures through a simple and dipping process in fixed salt concentrations. The morphology of the hybrid structures has been studied using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The prepared gas sensor has measured the electrical characteristics at room temperature. Shape, nanoparticle size, and specific surface area strongly influenced the current–voltage characteristics. The results show that Au, Pd, and Pt-NPs sizes prepared by the dipping process for mesopore-like structures were in the range from 0.64 to 7.53 nm. Besides, considerable improvements in the response, recovery times and sensitivity of gas sensor were noticed when decreasing the incorporated Au, Pd, and Pt-NPs to the mesoPSi matrix.

OICC PRESS Seed priming with cold plasma improved early growth, flowering, and protection of Cichorium intybus against selenium nanoparticle Volume 14 (2020) Issue 2, January 2020 2022 12 28 Seed priming with cold plasma improved early growth, flowering, and protection of Cichorium intybus against selenium nanoparticle 10.1007/s40094-020-00371-8 EN Sara Abedi Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Alireza Iranbakhsh Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Zahra Oraghi Ardebili Department of Biology, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran Mostafa Ebadi Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran Journal Article 2022 12 28 AbstractPlasma as a rapidly evolving technology has been succeeded to widely exploit in various industrial fields. We attempt to address the short- and long-time effects of seed priming with cold plasma in Cichorium intybus. The seeds were subjected to plasma (dielectric barrier discharge). The post-reactions of the plasma-primed seedlings were monitored in response to different concentrations (0, 2, and 10 mgl−1) of selenium nanoparticle (nSe). The plasma treatments enhanced seedling early growth in both shoot and roots. Besides, the simultaneous treatments of nSe of 2 mgl−1 and plasma synergistically improved seedling growth (mean = 78%). The plasma treatments mitigated the nSe10-associated phytotoxicity. The plasma and/or nSe treatments induced the enzyme activities of catalase (mean = 35%) and peroxidase (mean = 30%). In a complementary experiment, the long-time effects of plasma priming were monitored in plants grown under soil condition. The seed priming with cold plasma led to significant increases in shoot fresh mass (mean = 32%) and root biomass (mean = 26.8%). Moreover, the plasma-primed seedlings produced higher numbers of flowers (mean = 41.5%) and enhanced flower fresh weights (mean = 24%). The findings underline this hypothesis that exposure to plasma may associate with the activation of plant defense machinery and long-time modification in plant growth and development.

OICC PRESS Behaviour of sheath in electronegative warm plasma Volume 14 (2020) Issue 2, January 2020 2022 12 28 Behaviour of sheath in electronegative warm plasma 10.1007/s40094-020-00369-2 EN Rajat Dhawan Plasma Science and Technology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India 0000-0002-7673-0144 Hitendra K. Malik Plasma Science and Technology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India 0000-0002-9432-8140 Journal Article 2022 12 28 AbstractBehaviour of sheath formed on two types of probes, namely cylindrical and spherical probes, has been investigated in terms of its thickness, in front of the conducting probes immersed in an electronegative plasma for different negative to positive ion mass ratios, by considering three electronegative gases, i.e. CF4, O2 and C60. Contrary to others’ work, complete fluid equations are written for negative ions also in addition to those of positive ions considering their different masses. Increasing negative to positive ion mass ratio is found to result in an increment of the sheath thickness. The magnitude of the sheath thickness is enhanced with an increment in the positive ions’ temperature, whereas the magnitude of the sheath thickness is reduced with increased negative ions’ temperature and background density of the negative ions. The analysis of the case of a large probe radius, used in the surface-nitriding process, for both the geometries is attended. Additionally, the comparison between the results for electropositive plasma and electronegative plasma and for behaviour of negative ions with their Boltzmann distribution and fluid approach has also been attempted herewith and a noteworthy difference is realized. The case of doubly charged ions is also entertained herewith.

OICC PRESS Electromagnetically induced grating in semiconductor quantum dot and metal nanoparticle hybrid system by considering nonlocality effects Volume 14 (2020) Issue 2, January 2020 2022 12 28 Electromagnetically induced grating in semiconductor quantum dot and metal nanoparticle hybrid system by considering nonlocality effects 10.1007/s40094-020-00373-6 EN Tayebeh Naseri Department of Physics, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran Journal Article 2022 12 28 AbstractThe optical polarization from a hybrid system including a closely spaced spherical SQD (modeled as a three-level V-type system) and a metal nanoparticle which are considered classically and are connected by the dipole–dipole interaction mechanism is investigated. The interaction between the SQD and the MNP shows an interesting optical response. In the weak probe field regime and MNP nonlocality correction, the absorption spectrum of the hybrid system exhibits an EIT window with two absorption peaks and the plasmon-assisted quantum interference plays an important role in the position and amplitude of these peaks, which are intensely altered by including the nonlocal effects. The probe diffraction grating is created based on the excitons-induced transparency by applying a standing-wave coupling field. The results of this study are useful in numerous areas of all-optical communications.

OICC PRESS Effect of Gd3+ on optical and thermal properties of tellurite glass Volume 14 (2020) Issue 2, January 2020 2022 12 28 Effect of Gd3+ on optical and thermal properties of tellurite glass 10.1007/s40094-020-00370-9 EN M. N. Azlan Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Sultan Idris Education University, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia C. Eevon Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia M. K. Halimah Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Raouf El‑Mallawany Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt. 0000-0003-2978-5326 Journal Article 2022 12 28 AbstractThe study of optical and thermal properties of gadolinium oxide-doped tellurite glass was studied for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Gadolinium oxide-doped tellurite glass system with chemical formula (1 − x)[(TeO2)70(B2O3)30]-x(Gd2O3) with x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 mol% was prepared by the melt-quenching technique. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy and EL X-02 high-precision ellipsometer have been carried out. The thermal diffusivity of the amorphous material was studied using laser flash method. The microanalysis of major elements in the glass was examined by employing energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The IR of the glass matrix denotes three obvious absorption bands which are assigned to TeO4, BO3 and BO4 vibrational groups. The addition of Gd ions enhances the refractive index of the tellurite glass. The optical band gap and Urbach energy were determined based on the absorption spectra. It is found that the Gd ions reduce the optical band gap energy. The thermal diffusivity of the glass samples follows nonlinear trend with the concentration of Gd ions. Electronic polarizability, optical basicity and metallization criterion have been calculated for every glass composition. Based on these results, the proposed materials have high potential to be applied in photonic materials.

OICC PRESS Start current and growth rate in Smith–Purcell free-electron laser with dielectric-loaded cylindrical grating Volume 14 (2020) Issue 2, January 2020 2022 12 28 Start current and growth rate in Smith–Purcell free-electron laser with dielectric-loaded cylindrical grating 10.1007/s40094-019-00358-0 EN Zahra Rezaei Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Arak University, P.O. Box 38156‑8‑8349, Arāk, Iran 0000-0002-5910-8628 Bizhan Farokhi Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Arak University, P.O. Box 38156‑8‑8349, Arāk, Iran Journal Article 2022 12 28 AbstractWe present an analytic theory for Smith–Purcell device in which a cylindrical metal–dielectric grating was derived by an annular electron beam propagating along the grating axis. A dispersion relation is obtained for azimuthally symmetric modes. Also, the first-order and second-order growth rates of the modes which are in phase with the beam are compared. It is shown that the second-order growth rate gives a more accurate description of beam–wave interaction for beams with larger thicknesses, as well as grating slots, with smaller depths and greater lengths. The start current for BWO operation of the SP-FEL is presented too. The importance of the minimum value of start current is that above it, the SP-FEL will operate as an oscillator, even in the absence of external feedback. In this case, the group velocity of the synchronous evanescent wave is negative, while the electron beam travels in the forward direction. It is shown in this paper that the dielectric and grating parameters affect the value of start current. So, by changing these parameters, the minimum value for the start current can be obtained.

OICC PRESS In vitro bioactivity of silicophosphate glasses doped with ZnO, SrO or CuO Volume 14 (2020) Issue 2, January 2020 2022 12 28 In vitro bioactivity of silicophosphate glasses doped with ZnO, SrO or CuO 10.1007/s40094-020-00372-7 EN H. A. El-Batal Glass Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St. (former EL Tahrir), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt A. A. El‑Kheshen Glass Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St. (former EL Tahrir), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt M. A. Marzouk Glass Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St. (former EL Tahrir), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt N. A. Ghoneim Glass Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St. (former EL Tahrir), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt F. H. El-Batal Glass Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St. (former EL Tahrir), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt M. A. Ouis Glass Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St. (former EL Tahrir), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt A. M. Fayad Glass Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St. (former EL Tahrir), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt A. M. Abdelghany Spectroscopy Department, Physics Division, National Research Centre, 33 ElBohouth St., (Former El‑Tahrir St.) Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt Journal Article 2022 12 28 AbstractSilicophosphate glasses with variable divalent ion dopants (Zn2+, Sr2+ or Cu2+) were prepared via melt annealing route. Parent and doped glasses were thermally heat-treated through a two-step regime to be converted into their glass–ceramic derivatives. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectral data were recorded for parent glasses and their glass–ceramics derivatives to identify the structural building units which reveal vibrational bands due to both main phosphate and some silicate groups and to verify the bioactivity behavior after immersion in diluted phosphate solution. X-ray diffraction studies indicate the formation of different phosphate and silicate crystalline phases in the derived glass–ceramics which varied with the type of dopant oxide. SEM investigations of the glass–ceramics before and after immersion in phosphate solution showed multicomponent microcrystalline textures in the studied micrographs before immersion. Nodular-shaped microcrystalline features were identified after immersion in phosphate solution referring to the formation of crystalline hydroxyapatite. The undoped glass–ceramic is identified to crystallize in almost equal silicate and phosphate phases, while with the dopant ZnO, SrO or CuO, the crystalline phases are only of phosphates, while the silicate phase is assumed to be retained in the surrounding remaining vitreous boundaries.

OICC PRESS Higher-curvature corrections to holographic mutual information Volume 14 (2020) Issue 2, January 2020 2022 12 28 Higher-curvature corrections to holographic mutual information 10.1007/s40094-020-00367-4 EN H. Bagheri Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch (IAUCTB), P.O. Box 14676‑86831, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Tanhayi Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch (IAUCTB), P.O. Box 14676‑86831, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-0907-4842 Journal Article 2022 12 28 AbstractIn this paper, we study some non-local measurements of quantum correlations in extended gravities with higher-order curvature terms, including conformal gravity. Precisely, we consider higher-curvature correction on holographic mutual information in conformal gravity. There is in fact one deformation in the states because of the higher-curvature corrections. Here by making use of the holographic methods, we study the deformation in the holographic mutual information due to the higher-curvature terms. We also address the change in the quantum phase transition due to these deformations.

OICC PRESS One-dimensional simulation of hydrogen production kinetic models by water vapor plasmolysis in a DBD plate reactor Volume 14 (2020) Issue 2, January 2020 2022 12 28 One-dimensional simulation of hydrogen production kinetic models by water vapor plasmolysis in a DBD plate reactor 10.1007/s40094-020-00376-3 EN Mostafa El‑Shafie Environmental and Renewable Energy Systems Division, Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1‑1 Yanagido, Gifu 501‑1193, Japan 0000-0002-1053-3391 Shinji Kambara Environmental and Renewable Energy Systems Division, Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1‑1 Yanagido, Gifu 501‑1193, Japan Yukio Hayakawa Environmental and Renewable Energy Systems Division, Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1‑1 Yanagido, Gifu 501‑1193, Japan Journal Article 2022 12 28 AbstractThe results of one-dimensional time-dependent simulation modeling of hydrogen production from water vapor dissociation using non-thermal discharge plasma in a plate-type reactor were developed. Three different water vapor dissociation reaction mechanisms pathway models were simulated at a water vapor temperature of 573 K and same boundary conditions. The electron collision cross sections of electron water vapor were utilized based on the reaction mechanisms. The electron attachment and detachment processes were described in detail; additionally, the surface charge accumulation, recombination of charged species, positive and negative ions production and losses are considered. The electron density, electric field, electric potential, electron temperature and the hydrogen mass fraction are presented across the plasma discharge gap and over time. The first model was described as direct water vapor decomposition into their constituent’s elements hydrogen and oxygen molecules. It was revealed that the formed hydrogen molecules increased across the plasma discharge gap over time. In model II, the simulation reaction mechanisms pathway included products of H2O+, OH+, and O+ ions. It was found a significant change in the electric potential and electric field across the discharge gap due to the charged species inside the plasma gap. In model III, it was introduced H− radicals which controlled H atoms production by the electron detachment reaction. The most interesting results of these simulation models were the growing of hydrogen molecules across the plasma gap over time. Further, it was observed that the produced hydrogen mass fraction from model III was higher than model II and model I.