Majlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering Developing the optimal Solar Energy Harvesting System Model for Wireless Sensor Network In Press 2024 06 02 Developing the optimal Solar Energy Harvesting System Model for Wireless Sensor Network EN Gopal M. Dandime Research Scholar 0000-0002-1272-1599 Manish D Sawale Professor, Electronics and Communication Engineering, oriental university Indore, India Journal Article 2024 06 02 The research focuses on the foundational elements of the Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure and its applications in smart buildings, smart parking, and smart cities. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) play a critical role in enabling these applications. However, due to their low battery energy, WSN nodes are severely constrained, limiting their operation to a few days. To address this issue, solar energy harvesting is proposed as a promising solution to provide long-term power autonomy for WSNs. This research aims to develop an efficient Solar Energy Harvesting System (SEHS) using the Enhanced Water Strider Algorithm (EWSA) and a Fractional Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative (FOPID) controller to harvest the maximum energy from photovoltaic panels for the WSN. The proposed approach demonstrates a solar energy harvesting efficiency of 98.3%, which is superior to comparative techniques. Additionally, integrating the Cauchy distribution function with the traditional WSA updating strategy helps identify the optimal FOPID tuning parameters, thus improving the solar energy harvesting efficiency. This research provides valuable insights into the development of efficient SEHS for WSNs, enabling their widespread adoption in several applications.